US4084545A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Operating method
Assignee: Battelle Development Corp
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Filing: 1977-06-06
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Granted: 1978-04-18
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Expires: 1997-06-06
Abstract
Abstract A method of operating a fluidized bed system, typically as a combustor system for power or steam generation by burning high-sulfur coal, which comprises forming an entrained fluidized bed in a first space region containg a first solid bed particle component, such as a hematite ore containing over 90% Fe 2 O 3 , or limestone, forming in a more limited space region within the first region a dense fluidized bed containing a second solid bed particle component, such as larger particles of the hematite, essentially comprising a material having long-term physical and chemical stability in the fluidized bed system so as to be substantially non-agglomerating and not subject to substantial attrition therein, providing a recirculation path such as through a cyclone separator and particle reservoir for the first particle component from the first space region through the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region, and operating the fluidized bed system at a velocity such that the second component particles are effectively retained in the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region, whereas the first component particles recirculate and interpenetrate therethrough, commingling with the second component particles.
Inventors
- 👤 Herman Nack
- 👤 Ke-Tien Liu
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 18:42
CPC Classifications
F; F23; F23C; F23C10/00; F23C10/02; F23C10/04; F23C10/08; F23C10/10; B; B01; B01J; B01J8/00; B01J8/18; B01J8/24; B01J8/32; B01J8/38; B01J8/384; B01J8/388; F22; F22B; F22B31/00; F22B31/0007; F22B31/0084; F23C2206/00; F23C2206/10; F23C2206/101; F23C2206/103
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
154 words
A method of operating a fluidized bed system, which comprises forming an entrained fluidized bed in a first space region containing a first relatively fine solid bed particle component, forming in a more limited space region within the first region a dense fluidized bed containing a second relatively coarse solid bed particle component essentially comprising a material having long-term physical and chemical stability in the fluidized bed system so as to be substantially non-agglomerating and not subject to substantial attrition therein, providing a recirculation path for the first particle component from the first space region through the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region, and operating the fluidized bed system at a velocity such that the second component particles are effectively retained in a fluidized state in the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region, whereas the first component particles recirculate and interpenetrate therethrough, co-mingling with the second component particles.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
154 words
A method of operating a fluidized bed system, which comprises forming an entrained fluidized bed in a first space region containing a first relatively fine solid bed particle component, forming in a more limited space region within the first region a dense fluidized bed containing a second relatively coarse solid bed particle component essentially comprising a material having long-term physical and chemical stability in the fluidized bed system so as to be substantially non-agglomerating and not subject to substantial attrition therein, providing a recirculation path for the first particle component from the first space region through the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region, and operating the fluidized bed system at a velocity such that the second component particles are effectively retained in a fluidized state in the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region, whereas the first component particles recirculate and interpenetrate therethrough, co-mingling with the second component particles.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method as in claim 1 for promoting a high-efficiency reaction between at least two reactants, comprising feeding the reactants into the fluidized bed system in such manner as to provide thorough mixing of the reactants as a result of the motion of the commingled particles in the dense fluidized bed.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as in claim 2 wherein at least one of the reactants is a gaseous material, comprising fluidizing the bed system with the gaseous material.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
113 words
A method as in claim 3 wherein the other reactant is a solid particulate material to be reacted with the gaseous material at a predetermined rate, comprising feeding the solid reactant into the bed system at the predetermined rate, fluidizing the bed system at a superficial velocity such that the gaseous reactant is supplied thereto at a rate sufficient to effect a substantially complete reaction of at least one of the reactants being fed, and selecting the bed particle components so that the first component particles will be entrained at the superficial velocity while the second component particles will be effectively retained in the dense fluidized bed in the more limited space region.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
68 words
A method as in claim 4 wherein the solid reactant comprises particles which are entrainable at the superficial velocity, comprising providing a quantity of the second bed component particles which sufficiently restricts the movement of the reactant particles to effect a residence time thereof in the dense bed wherein the major portion of at least one of the reactants is completely reacted in the more limited space region.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 4 wherein one of the reactants is a carbonaceous fuel, comprising withdrawing an energy product from the fluidized bed system.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as in claim 6, wherein the carbonaceous fuel is burned in the fluidized bed system and the energy product is heat.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 5 wherein one of the reactants is a carbonaceous fuel, comprising withdrawing an energy product from the fluidized bed system.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as in claim 8, wherein the carbonaceous fuel is burned in the fluidized bed system and the energy product is heat.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as in claim 9, comprising conveying a heat transfer medium through boiler tubes in the first space region.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as in claim 9, comprising passing a heat transfer medium through at least a portion of the recirculation path whereby heat contained in the first particle component is transferred to the medium.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method as in claim 10, comprising passing a heat transfer medium through at least a portion of the recirculation path whereby heat contained in the first particle component is transferred to the medium.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
65 words
A method as in claim 5 wherein the solid reactant essentially comprises coal particles and the gaseous reactant essentially comprises air, the method comprising burning the coal in the fluidized bed system, selecting the quantity of the second bed component particles so that the major portion of the coal is burned in the dense fluidized bed, and withdrawing heat energy from the fluidized bed system.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
51 words
A method as in claim 13 which comprises passing a heat transfer medium through at least a portion of the first space region outside the limited space region, and selecting the quantity of the first bed component particles so that the rate of heat transfer to the medium is substantially maximized.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method as in claim 14, wherein the heat transfer medium is also passed through the more limited space region.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
72 words
A method as in claim 13, comprising withdrawing heat energy at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature of the fluidized bed system essentially below the melting point of the ash formed from the coal particles whereby essentially all of the ash is entrained with the first solid bed component particles, and separating the ash from the first solid bed component particles in the recirculation path outside the more limited space region.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 6 wherein the carbonaceous fuel contains sulfur, comprising feeding a sulfur sorbent into the fluidized bed system.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 17 wherein the sulfur sorbent essentially comprises a carbonate of calcium, magnesium, or both.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 18 which comprises maintaining the dense fluidized bed at a temperature in the range of about 1450° to 1750° F.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method as in claim 18 wherein the sorbent is limestone or dolomite.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method as in claim 18 wherein the sorbent essentially comprises solid particles in the range of about -100 to -325 U.S. mesh.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
43 words
A method as in claim 21 wherein the ratio of the calcium in the carbonate fed into the system to the sulfur in the carbonaceous fuel fed into the system is about 1 to 3 moles of calcium to one mole of sulfur.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method as in claim 1 wherein the first and second solid bed particle components consist essentially of the same material, the first component essentially comprising finer particles and the second component essentially comprising coarser particles.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
49 words
A method as in claim 1 wherein at least the second bed particle component has high temperature stability, is substantially inert under the operating conditions of the fluidized bed system, and is selected to provide good fluidization quality and promote efficient mixing and heat transfer in the bed system.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as in claim 24 wherein oxidizing conditions exist in the fluidized bed system and wherein the bed particle components essentially comprise metals or metallic oxides.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as in claim 23 wherein the material essentially comprises an oxide of iron.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method as in claim 26 wherein the material essentailly comprises hematite.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as in claim 25 wherein the components essentially comprise aluminum oxide or nickel or nickel oxide.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
56 words
A method as in claim 26 wherein the finer particles are in the size range of about -16 + 140 U.S. mesh, the coarser particles are in the size range of about -12 + 16 U.S. mesh and the superficial velocity of the fluidized bed system is in the range of about 20-40 feet per second.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method as in claim 29 wherein the dense fluidized bed is retained in a container having a substantially cylindrical or prismatic portion, and wherein the quantity of the coarser particles is sufficient to fill the cylindrical or prismatic portion to a depth of at least about 10 inches when the bed is unfluidized.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 1 wherein the first solid bed particle component essentially comprises a carbonate of calcium, magnesium, or both.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as in claim 31 wherein the first solid bed particle component is limestone or dolomite.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as in claim 32 wherein the second solid bed particle component essentially comprises a metal or a metallic oxide.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 33 wherein the second solid bed particle component essentially comprises an oxide of iron.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as in claim 34 wherein the second bed particle component essentially comprises hematite.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as in claim 33 wherein the second bed particle component essentially comprises aluminum oxide or nickel or nickel oxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method as in claim 35 wherein the second bed component particles are in the size range of about -12 + 16 U.S. mesh, the first component particles are in the range of about -20 + 40 U.S. mesh and the superficial velocity of the fluidized bed system is in the range of about 20-40 feet per second.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as in claim 33 which comprises conveying a heat transfer medium through boiler tubes in the first space region including the more limited space region.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
64 words
A method as in claim 1 which comprises restricting the flow of the first solid bed component particles in the recirculation path to form a reservoir of particles upstream of the flow restriction and accumulating in the reservoir a quantity of particles sufficient to prevent backflow in the recirculation path which might otherwise result from the fluidizing pressure applied to the dense fluidized bed.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
41 words
A method as in claim 39 for an ash-forming process wherein the particles accumulated in the reservoir are accompanied by residual ash, comprising fluidizing the particles in the reservoir to selectively entrain the ash, and removing the entrained ash for disposal.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method as in claim 39 wherein the flow restriction, the quantity of particles, and the fluidizing velocity are selected to provide a recirculation rate for the first solid bed component particles sufficient to substantially maximize the overall heat transfer rate in the first space region.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
97 words
A method as in claim 3 wherein the gaseous material is air and the other reactant is a carbonaceous fuel, comprising supplying a portion of the air to the dense bed with a velocity sufficient to fluidize the second component particles therein and to maintain the circulation of the first component particles therethrough while operating at least the major portion of the dense bed in an oxygen-deficient mode, and supplying another portion of the air to the entrained bed so that at least the major portion of the entrained bed is operated in an excess oxygen mode.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as in claim 42 comprising passing a heat transfer medium through at least a portion of the first space region outside the more limited space region so as to withdraw heat energy therefrom.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 43 wherein the carbonaceous fuel contains sulfur, comprising feeding a sulfur sorbent into the fluidized bed system.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 44 wherein the sulfur sorbent essentially comprises a carbonate of calcium, magnesium or both.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method as in claim 1 wherein the first solid bed particle component essentially comprises a material having a long-term physical and chemical stability in the fluidized bed system so as to be substantially non-agglomerating and not subject to substantial attrition therein.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method as in claim 1 wherein the first solid bed particle component consists essentially of a material that has high temperature stability, is substantially inert under the operating conditions of the fluidized bed system, and is selected to provide efficient heat transfer in the bed system.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as in claim 47 wherein oxiding conditions exist in the fluidized bed system and where the first bed particle component essentially comprises a metal or a metallic oxide.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as in claim 47 wherein the first bed particle component essentially comprises an oxide of iron.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as in claim 47 wherein the first bed particle component essentially comprises hematite.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method as in claim 47 wherein the first bed particle component essentially comprises aluminum oxide or nickel or nickel oxide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1981-04-17 | 1981-10-17 | 1982-04-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1985-04-17 | 1985-10-17 | 1986-04-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1989-04-17 | 1989-10-17 | 1990-04-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |