US4792513A
Expired / Lapsed
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Positively charged toner compositions
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1987-05-04
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Granted: 1988-12-20
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Expires: 2007-05-04
Abstract
Abstract A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles exhibiting a peak value molecular weight in each of the molecular weight regions of from about 5,000 to about 80,000, and from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000; a wax component with a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 10,000; and a charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of alkyl pyridinium halides, organic sulfonates, organic sulfates, distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, behenyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and distearyl methyl ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert J. Gruber
- 👤 Robert A. Nelson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 23:59
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/097; G03G9/09733; G03G9/09758; G03G9/087; G03G9/09741; G03G9/0975
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
212 words
A positively charged electrostatic toner composition comprised of resin particles exhibiting a peak value weight molecular weight in each of the molecular weight regions of from about 5,000 to about 80,000, and from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000 as determined by gel permeation chromotography, pigment particles; a wax component with a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 10,000; and a charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of alkyl pyridinium halides, organic sulfonate compositions and organic sulfate compositions of the following formulas: ##STR3## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and A is an anion; ##STR4## wherein R 1 is an alkyl group of from about 12 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from alkyl groups containing from about 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms, R 4 is an alkylene group of from about 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms, R 5 is a tolyl group or an alkyl group of from about 1 carbon atom to about 3 carbon atoms, and n is the number 3 or 4; distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, behenyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and distearyl methyl ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
212 words
A positively charged electrostatic toner composition comprised of resin particles exhibiting a peak value weight molecular weight in each of the molecular weight regions of from about 5,000 to about 80,000, and from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000 as determined by gel permeation chromotography, pigment particles; a wax component with a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 10,000; and a charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of alkyl pyridinium halides, organic sulfonate compositions and organic sulfate compositions of the following formulas: ##STR3## wherein R is a hydrocarbon group containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, and A is an anion; ##STR4## wherein R 1 is an alkyl group of from about 12 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from alkyl groups containing from about 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms, R 4 is an alkylene group of from about 1 carbon atom to about 5 carbon atoms, R 5 is a tolyl group or an alkyl group of from about 1 carbon atom to about 3 carbon atoms, and n is the number 3 or 4; distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, behenyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and distearyl methyl ethyl ammonium ethyl sulfate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin particles are selected from the group consistig of polyesters, styrene butadiene copolymers, and styrene methacrylate copolymers.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polyester results from the condensation reaction of dimethyl terephthalate, 1,3-butanediol, and pentaerythritol.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 2 wherein the styrene butadiene copolymer contains 89 percent by weight of styrene, and 11 percent of weight of butadiene.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and polypropylene.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 5 wherein the polyethylene or polypropylene are present in an amount of from about 1 percent by weight to about 10 percent by weight.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge enhancing additive is cetyl pyridinium chloride.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge enhancing additive is stearyl dimethyl phenethyl ammonium para-toluene sulfonate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the wax is of a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 20,000.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge enhancing additive is present in an amount of from about 0.5 percent by weight to about 20 percent by weight.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment articles are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, magnetites, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue green and mixtures thereof.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
39 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin selected exhibits a peak value molecular weight in each of the molecular weight regions of from about 20,000 to about 80,000, and from about 100,000 to about 300,000.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 1 and carrier particles.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the carrier particles contain a polymeric coating thereover.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the carrier particles consist of a steel core coated with a fluoropolymer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
45 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the pigment particles are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, brown, green, and mixtures thereof present in an amount of from about 2 to about 15 percent by weight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
42 words
A method for developing images which comprises forming an electrostatic latent image on a negatively charged imaging member, contacting the image with toner composition of claim 1, followed by transferring the image to a suitable substrate, and subsequently affixing the image thereto.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 17 wherein the wax is selected from polypropylene, polyethylene, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 17 wherein the process is accomplished in the absence of a silicone oil release fluid, and there results no offsetting of the resulting images.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
47 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R is an alkyl group of from about 12 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms, R 1 is an alkyl group from about 14 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, and n is the number 3.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
53 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein for the charge enhancing additive R is an alkyl group of from about 12 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, R 1 is an alkyl group of from about 14 carbon atoms to about 18 carbon atoms, and n is the number 4.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein for the charge enhancing additive R 2 and R 3 are methyl groups.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein for the charge enhancing additive R 4 is a methylene group.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the resin particles are selected from the group consisting of polyesters, styrene butadiene copolymers, and styrene methacrylate copolymers.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
26 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the wax selected is of a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 20,000.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and polyethylene.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein there is selected a mixture of resin particles.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
43 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein there is selected at least one resin polymer exhibiting a peak molecular weight in each of the molecular weight regions of from about 5,000 to about 80,000, and from about 100,000 to about 300,000.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the coating is comprised of a mixture of fluoropolymers and vinyl chloride.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the coating is comprised of a mixture of fluoropolymers and polymethyl methacrylates.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the coating is comprised of a mixture of polyvinylidine fluoride and vinyl chloride.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-12-20 | 1992-06-20 | 1992-12-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-12-20 | 1996-06-20 | 1996-12-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-12-20 | 2000-06-20 | 2000-12-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |