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US4781893A
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Apparatus for determining fouling tendency of liquid hydrocarbons using polar polymeric membranes
Assignee: Nalco Exxon Energy Chemicals LP
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Filing: 1987-03-11
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Granted: 1988-11-01
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Expires: 2007-03-11
Abstract
Abstract Apparatus and method for determining the tendency of hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment includes a horizontal polymeric membrane made from polymers containing polar atoms, a light source for scanning hydrocarbon liquid sample on the membrane, and means for measuring the difference in light reflected by the asphaltene ring and the membrane matrix. Energy sources other than light may be employed.
Inventors
- 👤 Ghazi B. Dickakian
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 15:30
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N30/00; G01N30/90; G01N30/95; G01N33/00; G01N33/26; G01N33/28; G01N33/2805
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
181 words
An apparatus for measuring the tendency of a hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment which comprises: (a) a polymeric membrane for receiving a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid on an internal portion thereof, said membrane being capable of separating incompatible asphaltenes from compatible components of a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid to form an incompatible asphaltene ring region and a matrix region of compatible sample components on or in the internal portion of said membrane; (b) a light source adapted to scan the internal portion of the membrane; (c) means for measuring light from the light source which has been affected by the internal portion of the polymeric membrane; (d) means for comparing measured light corresponding to an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane with measured light corresponding to a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane and generating a corresponding comparison signal; and (e) means for receiving a comparison signal from the comparing means and converting such a comparison signal into an electric signal indicative of the tendency of a liquid hydrocarbon to foul equipment.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
181 words
An apparatus for measuring the tendency of a hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment which comprises: (a) a polymeric membrane for receiving a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid on an internal portion thereof, said membrane being capable of separating incompatible asphaltenes from compatible components of a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid to form an incompatible asphaltene ring region and a matrix region of compatible sample components on or in the internal portion of said membrane; (b) a light source adapted to scan the internal portion of the membrane; (c) means for measuring light from the light source which has been affected by the internal portion of the polymeric membrane; (d) means for comparing measured light corresponding to an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane with measured light corresponding to a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane and generating a corresponding comparison signal; and (e) means for receiving a comparison signal from the comparing means and converting such a comparison signal into an electric signal indicative of the tendency of a liquid hydrocarbon to foul equipment.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
189 words
An apparatus for measuring the tendency of a hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment which comprises: (a) a substantially horizontal polymeric membrane for receiving a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid on an internal portion thereof, said membrane being capable of separating incompatible asphaltenes from compatible components of a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid to form an incompatible asphaltene ring region and a matrix region of compatible sample components on or in the internal portion of said membrane; (b) a light source adapted to scan the internal portion of the membrane; (c) means for measuring light from the light source which is transmitted through or reflected by the internal portion of the polymeric membrane; (d) means for comparing light transmitted through or reflected by an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane with light transmitted through or reflected by a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane and generating a corresponding comparison signal; and (e) means for receiving a comparison signal from the comparing means and converting such a comparison signal into an output signal indicative of the tendency of a liquid hydrocarbon to foul equipment.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
189 words
An apparatus for measuring the tendency of a hydrocarbon liquid to foul equipment which comprises: (a) a substantially horizontal polymeric membrane for receiving a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid on an internal portion thereof, said membrane being capable of separating incompatible asphaltenes from compatible components of a sample of a hydrocarbon liquid to form an incompatible asphaltene ring region and a matrix region of compatible sample components on or in the internal portion of said membrane; (b) a light source adapted to scan the internal portion of the membrane; (c) means for measuring light from the light source which is transmitted through or reflected by the internal portion of the polymeric membrane; (d) means for comparing light transmitted through or reflected by an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane with light transmitted through or reflected by a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane and generating a corresponding comparison signal; and (e) means for receiving a comparison signal from the comparing means and converting such a comparison signal into an output signal indicative of the tendency of a liquid hydrocarbon to foul equipment.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the output signal is a digital signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
55 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein the comparing means includes means for measuring (i) the area and intensity of light reflected by an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane and (ii) the area and intensity of light reflected by a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein the membrane is a film made of a thermoplastic selected from polyolefins containing polar atoms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
The apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein the film is made of polyvinylidine difluoride.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
53 words
The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the means for measuring light comprises means for measuring reflected light; and the comparison means comprises means for comparing reflected light from an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane with reflected light from a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
90 words
The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the means for measuring reflected light includes a light sensor for measuring light reflected from the internal portion of the membrane through one pass of the light source over the internal portion of the membrane and means for converting measured reflected light into electric signals, and wherein the comparison means includes means for comparing electric signals corresponding to an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane with electric signals corresponding to a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
72 words
The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the comparison means includes means for comparing (i) the average value of electric signals corresponding to an asphaltene ring region of the internal portion of the membrane multiplied by the area of such an asphaltene ring region with (ii) the average value of electric signals corresponding to a matrix region of the internal portion of the membrane multiplied by the area of such a matrix region.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-05-02 | 1992-11-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-11-01 | 1996-05-02 | 1996-11-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-11-01 | 2000-05-02 | 2000-11-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |