Fuel composition and method for control of octane requirement increase

Claim 2

A fuel composition comprising a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive comprising one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of chrysene, coronene, fluorene, pentacene, perylene, phenanthrene, pyrene, rubrene and triphenylene, said aromatic compounds either being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more pendant non-alkyl gasoline solubilizing organic radicals independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, said aromatic compounds being present in a concentration between about 0.01 and about 5.0 weight percent of said fuel.

Claim 3

The composition of claim 1 wherein the fused multi-ring aromatic compounds are substituted and the organic radicals contain between 1 and 23 carbon atoms.

Claim 4

The composition of claim 2 wherein the concentration of the fused aromatic compounds is between about 0.05 and 1.0 weight percent of the composition.

Claim 5

The composition of claim 2 wherein the organic radicals contain between 1 and 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 6

The composition of claim 1 wherein the fused aromatic compounds are unsubstituted.

Claim 7

The composition of claim 1 wherein the fused aromatic compound is substituted phenanthrene.

Claim 8

A composition comprising a mixture of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine with an additive comprised of one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds having at least 3 rings, said aromatic compounds further being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one pendant non-alkyl gasoline solubilizing polyether organic radical, said pendant radical having the general formula: --R.sup.1 --O--R.sup.2 --O--R.sup.3 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are organic radicals containing between 1 and 23 carbon atoms and are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, and arylalkenyl radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, with said fused multi-ring aromatic compounds further containing no substituted heteroatoms in the rings, said additive being present in a concentration between about 0.01 and about 5.0 weight percent of the fuel.

Claim 9

A composition comprising a mixture of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine with an additive comprised of one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds having at least 3 rings, said aromatic compounds further being unsubstituted or substituted by at least one pendant non-alkyl gasoline solubilizing polyether organic radical, said pendant radical having the general formula: --R.sup.1 --O--R.sup.2 --O--R.sup.3 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are organic radicals containing between 1 and 23 carbon atoms and are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, and arylalkenyl radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, with said fused multi-ring aromatic compounds further containing no substituted heteroatoms in the rings, said additive being present in a concentration between about 0.01 and about 5.0 weight percent of the fuel.

Claim 10

The composition of claim 7 wherein R 3 is a polyether radical.

Claim 11

A method for operating an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine which comprises introducing a combustion intake charge to the engine comprising the composition of claim 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 or 7.

Claim 12

A fuel composition comprising a mixture of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine with a fused aromatic additive dissolved therein, said additive comprising one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds having at least 3 rings containing no substituted heteroatoms in the rings and no alkyl substitutents on the rings, said aromatic compounds further being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more non-alkyl, pendant gasoline solubilizing organic radicals independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, said fused aromatic compound being present in a concentration between about 0.1 and about 5.0 weight percent of the fuel.

Claim 13

A fuel composition comprising a mixture of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine with a fused aromatic additive dissolved therein, said additive comprising one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds having at least 3 rings containing no substituted heteroatoms in the rings and no alkyl substitutents on the rings, said aromatic compounds further being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more non-alkyl, pendant gasoline solubilizing organic radicals independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, said fused aromatic compound being present in a concentration between about 0.1 and about 5.0 weight percent of the fuel.

Claim 14

The composition of claim 10 wherein the concentration of said fused aromatic compounds in said fuel is between about 0.05 and about 1.0 weight percent and said fused aromatic compounds are substituted with one or more of said non-alkyl, pendant gasoline solubilizing organic radicals having between 1 and 23 carbon atoms.

Claim 15

The composition of claim 10 wherein the concentration of said fused aromatic compounds in said fuel is between about 0.01 and about 0.5 weight percent of the composition and said fused aromatic compounds are substituted with one or more of said non-alkyl pendant gasoline solubilizing organic radicals having between 1 and 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 16

The composition of claim 10 wherein the concentration of the fused aromatic compounds in said fuel is between about 0.1 and 0.5 weight percent and the fused aromatic compounds are selected from the group consisting of phenoxyanthracene, methoxyanthracene, methoxyphenanthrene, methoxypyrene, ethoxyanthracene, ethoxymethoxyphenanthrene, ethoxymethoxyanthracene, propenylanthracene, propynylphenanthrene, phenoxyethylanthracene, propynylethoxyanthracene, propenylethoxyphenanthrene, polyethoxyphenanthrene, polyproposxyphenanthrene, polypropoxyanthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, coronene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, 1,2,4,6-dibenzanthracene, 9,10-diphenylanthracene, fluorene, pentacene, perylene, pyrene, rubrene and triphenylene.

Claim 17

The composition of claim 10 wherein the fused aromatic compound is phenanthrene.

Claim 18

The composition of claim 10 wherein the gasoline solubilizing radicals contain between 1 and 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 19

A composition comprising a mixture of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine with an additive comprised of one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds having at least 3 rings, said aromatic compounds further being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more pendant non-alkyl gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, wherein at least one of said pendant radicals is a polyether radical having the general formula: --R.sup.1 --O--R.sup.2 --O--R.sup.3 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are organic radicals containing between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, and are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, with said fused aromatic compound further containing no substituted heteroatoms in the rings, said additive being present in a concentration between about 0.05 and 1.0 weight percent of the fuel.

Claim 20

A composition comprising a mixture of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine with an additive comprised of one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds having at least 3 rings, said aromatic compounds further being unsubstituted or substituted with one or more pendant non-alkyl gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, wherein at least one of said pendant radicals is a polyether radical having the general formula: --R.sup.1 --O--R.sup.2 --O--R.sup.3 wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are organic radicals containing between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, and are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms, with said fused aromatic compound further containing no substituted heteroatoms in the rings, said additive being present in a concentration between about 0.05 and 1.0 weight percent of the fuel.

Claim 21

The composition of claim 16 wherein R 3 is a polyether radical.

Claim 23

A concentrate for use in a gasoline suitable for combustion in spark ignition internal combustion engines, said concentrate comprising: (a) an additive comprising one or more fused aromatic compounds present at a concentration between about 50 and 4000 grams per gallon of said concentrate, said fused aromatic compounds being selected from the group consisting of phenoxyanthracene, methoxyanthracene, methoxyphenanthrene, methoxypyrene, ethoxypyrene, ethoxymethoxyphenanthrene, ethoxymethoxyanthracene, propenylanthracene, propynylphenanthrene, phenoxyethylanthracene, propynylethoxyanthracene, propenylethoxyphenanthrene, polyethoxyphenanthrene, polypropoxyphenanthrene, polypropoxyanthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, coronene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, 1,2,4,6-dibenzanthracene, 9,10-diphenyl anthracene, fluorene, pentacene, perylene, pyrene, rubrene, and triphenylene, said fused aromatic compounds being either unsubstituted or substituted with pendant gasoline solubilizing non-alkyl organic radicals selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms; and (b) a fuel compatible diluent suitable for combustion in spark ignition internal combustion engines, said diluent being selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

Claim 24

A concentrate for use in a gasoline suitable for combustion in spark ignition internal combustion engines, said concentrate comprising: (a) an additive comprising one or more fused aromatic compounds present at a concentration between about 50 and 4000 grams per gallon of said concentrate, said fused aromatic compounds being selected from the group consisting of phenoxyanthracene, methoxyanthracene, methoxyphenanthrene, methoxypyrene, ethoxypyrene, ethoxymethoxyphenanthrene, ethoxymethoxyanthracene, propenylanthracene, propynylphenanthrene, phenoxyethylanthracene, propynylethoxyanthracene, propenylethoxyphenanthrene, polyethoxyphenanthrene, polypropoxyphenanthrene, polypropoxyanthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, coronene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, 1,2,4,6-dibenzanthracene, 9,10-diphenyl anthracene, fluorene, pentacene, perylene, pyrene, rubrene, and triphenylene, said fused aromatic compounds being either unsubstituted or substituted with pendant gasoline solubilizing non-alkyl organic radicals selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms; and (b) a fuel compatible diluent suitable for combustion in spark ignition internal combustion engines, said diluent being selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

Claim 25

The concentrate of claim 19 wherein the fused aromatic compound is phenanthrene.

Claim 26

The concentrate of claim 19 wherein the fused aromatic is substituted phenanthrene.

Claim 27

The concentrate of claim 19 wherein the diluent is an aromatic hydrocarbon.

Claim 28

A fuel composition for operating a spark ignition internal combustion engine which comprises a gasoline suitable for combustion in said engine and one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of benzanthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, coronene, fluorene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, 1,2,4,6-dibenzanthracene, 9,10-diphenyl anthracene, pentacene, perylene, pyrene, rubrene, triphenylene, phenoxyanthracene, methoxyanthracene, methoxyphenanthrene, methoxypyrene, ethoxyanthracene, ethoxymethoxyphenanthrene, ethoxymethoxyanthracene, propenylanthracene, propynylphenanthrene, phenoxyethylanthracene, propynylethoxyanthracene, propenylethoxyphenanthrene, polyethoxyphenanthrene, and polypropoxyphenanthrene, the fused aromatic compund having a concentration of between about 0.05 and 1 weight percent in said fuel.

Claim 29

A fuel composition for operating a spark ignition internal combustion engine which comprises a gasoline suitable for combustion in said engine and one or more fused multi-ring aromatic compounds selected from the group consisting of benzanthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, coronene, fluorene, 1,2,3,4-dibenzanthracene, 1,2,4,6-dibenzanthracene, 9,10-diphenyl anthracene, pentacene, perylene, pyrene, rubrene, triphenylene, phenoxyanthracene, methoxyanthracene, methoxyphenanthrene, methoxypyrene, ethoxyanthracene, ethoxymethoxyphenanthrene, ethoxymethoxyanthracene, propenylanthracene, propynylphenanthrene, phenoxyethylanthracene, propynylethoxyanthracene, propenylethoxyphenanthrene, polyethoxyphenanthrene, and polypropoxyphenanthrene, the fused aromatic compund having a concentration of between about 0.05 and 1 weight percent in said fuel.

Claim 30

A fuel composition comprising a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of an additive consisting essentially of unsubstituted anthracene or anthracene substituted with one or more non-alkyl, gasoline solubilizing organic radicals.

Claim 31

A fuel composition comprising a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of an additive consisting essentially of unsubstituted anthracene or anthracene substituted with one or more non-alkyl, gasoline solubilizing organic radicals.

Claim 32

The composition of claim 24 wherein said additive consists essentially of anthracene substituted with gasoline solubilizing pendant organic radical substituents having between 1 and about 23 carbon atoms, said substituents being independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.

Claim 33

The composition of claim 25 wherein the concentration of said additive in said fuel is between about 0.05 and 1.0 weight percent and the organic radical substituents have between 1 and about 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 34

The composition of claim 24 wherein the additive consists essentially of anthracene, and the concentration of anthracene in said fuel is between about 0.05 and about 0.5 weight percent.

Claim 35

A fuel composition consisting of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein between about 0.01 and about 5.0 weight percent of an octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive consisting of unsubstituted anthracene or anthracene substituted with one or more pendant, non-alkyl, gasoline solubilizing organic radicals.

Claim 36

A fuel composition consisting of a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein between about 0.01 and about 5.0 weight percent of an octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive consisting of unsubstituted anthracene or anthracene substituted with one or more pendant, non-alkyl, gasoline solubilizing organic radicals.

Claim 37

The composition of claim 28 wherein said additive is anthracene substituted with one or more organic radicals containing between 1 and about 23 carbon atoms and indepedently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.

Claim 38

The composition of claim 29 wherein the concentration of additive in said fuel is between about 0.05 and about 1.0 weight percent and the organic radical anthracene substituents have between 1 and about 10 carbon atoms.

Claim 39

The composition of claim 28 wherein the additive consists of unsubstituted anthracene in a concentration of between about 0.05 and about 0.5 weight percent.

Claim 40

A fuel composition comprising a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of an additive comprising anthracene substituted with one or more non-alkyl, pendant, gasoline solubilizing organic radicals.

Claim 41

A fuel composition comprising a gasoline suitable for combustion in an automotive spark ignition internal combustion engine having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of an additive comprising anthracene substituted with one or more non-alkyl, pendant, gasoline solubilizing organic radicals.

Claim 42

The composition of claim 32 wherein said pendant organic radicals have between 1 and about 23 carbon atoms and are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl and alkynyloxy radicals and heteroatom substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen atoms.