Patent US2676036A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4770944A
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Polymeric structure having improved barrier properties and method of making same
Assignee: Pechiney Plastic Packaging Inc
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Filing: 1983-10-03
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Granted: 1988-09-13
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Expires: 2003-10-03
Abstract
Abstract A polymeric structure having an oxygen barrier layer (e.g., ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer) is heated in the presence of moisture to improve its resistance to oxygen and moisture penetration. A drying agent is incorporated in the multi-layer structure to control the rate of water penetration to, and the amount of water in, the barrier layer.
Inventors
- 👤 Christopher J. Farrell
- 👤 Boh Tsai
- 👤 James A. Wachtel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 17:24
CPC Classifications
B; B32; B32B; B32B27/00; B32B27/18; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/31504; Y10T428/31725; Y10T428/31855; Y10T428/31909; Y10T428/31913; Y10T428/3192; Y10T428/31938
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 91
Claim 1
Independent Claim
83 words
A method of increasing the oxygen resistance of an oxygen barrier film of a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and nylon, which comprises heating said film at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the polymeric material, said film having a low initial water content when the heating step is commenced.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
83 words
A method of increasing the oxygen resistance of an oxygen barrier film of a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and nylon, which comprises heating said film at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the polymeric material, said film having a low initial water content when the heating step is commenced.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as in claim 1 wherein said film is made of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
23 words
A method as in claims 1 or 2 wherein said film is heated in an environment of at least 40 percent relative humidity.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of increasing the oxygen resistance of a polymeric structure comprising a film made of an oxygen barrier polymeric material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer polyvinyl alcohol and nylon, which method comprises heating said structure at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the polymeric oxygen barrier structure, said polymeric material having a low initial water content when the heating step is commended.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
92 words
A method of increasing the oxygen resistance of a polymeric structure comprising a film made of an oxygen barrier polymeric material selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer polyvinyl alcohol and nylon, which method comprises heating said structure at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the polymeric oxygen barrier structure, said polymeric material having a low initial water content when the heating step is commended.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method as in claim 4 wherein said polymeric structure is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and nylon.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as in claim 4 wherein said polymeric structure is made of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as in claim 4, 5 or 6 wherein said polymeric structure is heated in an environment of at least 40 percent relative humidity.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
91 words
A method of increasing the oxygen resistance of a multi-layer polymeric structure selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and nylon having a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier layer, which method comprises heating said polymeric structure at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the oxygen barrier layer, said oxygen barrier layer having a low initial water content when the heating step is commended.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
91 words
A method of increasing the oxygen resistance of a multi-layer polymeric structure selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and nylon having a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier layer, which method comprises heating said polymeric structure at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the oxygen barrier layer, said oxygen barrier layer having a low initial water content when the heating step is commended.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method as in claim 8 wherein said barrier layer is made of a polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol and nylon.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method as in claim 8 wherein said barrier layer is made of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as in claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein said multi-layer polymeric structure is heated in an environment of at least 40 percent relative humidity.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
39 words
A method as in claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the maintaining of a low water level in the oxygen barrier layer is effected by employing in said multi-layer polymeric structure a layer with has a dessicant imcorporated therein.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
36 words
A method as in claim 11 wherein the maintaining of a low water level in the oxygen barrier layer is effected by employing in said multi-layer polymeric structure a layer which has a desiccant incorporated therein.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 12 wherein said desiccant is incorporated in the layer proximate to the barrier layer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method as in claim 13 wherein said desiccant is incorporated in the layer proximate to the barrier layer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as in claim 12 wherein said desiccant is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate-di-basic, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium bromide, ammonium phosphate-monobasic, potassium nitrate and sodium chloride.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as in claim 13 wherein said desiccant is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate-di-basic, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium bromide, ammonium phosphate-monobasic, potassium nitrate and sodium chloride.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as in claim 14 wherein said desiccant is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate-di-basic, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium bromide, ammonium phosphate-monobasic, potassium nitrate and sodium chloride.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method as in claim 15 wherein said desiccant is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, sodium phosphate-di-basic, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, potassium bromide, ammonium phosphate-monobasic, potassium nitrate and sodium chloride.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
82 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising a layer of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, wherein said copolymer has increased vinyl alcohol-rich crystalline content wherein the oxygen resistance of said ethylene-vinyl alcohol has been increased by heating said structure at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the copolymer, said structure having a low initial water content when the heating is commenced.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
82 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising a layer of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, wherein said copolymer has increased vinyl alcohol-rich crystalline content wherein the oxygen resistance of said ethylene-vinyl alcohol has been increased by heating said structure at a temperature of from about 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the copolymer, said structure having a low initial water content when the heating is commenced.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
84 words
Polyvinyl alcohol polymer havng increased vinyl alcohol-rich content and a main crystalline melting peak of at least about 494° K. wherein the oxygen resistant of said polyvinyl alcohol polymer has been increased by heating said polymer at a temperature of from 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the polymeric material, said polymer having a low initial water content when the heating step is commenced.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
84 words
Polyvinyl alcohol polymer havng increased vinyl alcohol-rich content and a main crystalline melting peak of at least about 494° K. wherein the oxygen resistant of said polyvinyl alcohol polymer has been increased by heating said polymer at a temperature of from 210° to about 250° F. in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while maintaining a low water level in the polymeric material, said polymer having a low initial water content when the heating step is commenced.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 or 4 wherein the polymeric material has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the oxygen barrier layer has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the polymeric structure has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 14 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 or 4 wherein the polymeric material has an initial water content of below about 6.5 Wt. %.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the oxygen barrier layer has an initial water content of below about 6.5 Wt. %.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the polymeric structure has an initial water content of below about 6.5 Wt. %.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 9 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of below about 6.5 Wt. %.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 12 wherein the barrier layer has an initial water content of below about 6.5 Wt. %.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the method includes the steps of employing sodium chloride as the dessicant and employing a barrier layer having an initial water content of about 7 Wt. % or less.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 35 wherein the initial water content is less than 7 Wt. %.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 36 wherein the initial water content is about zero.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 35 wherein the heating step is effected by retorting the structure at 250° F. for 2 hours at 100% relative humidity.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 36 wherein the heating step is effected by retorting the structure at 250° F. for 2 hours at 100% relative humidity.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 37 wherein the heating step is effected by retorting the structure at 250° F. for 2 hours at 100% relative humidity.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the method includes the steps of employing potassium nitrate as the dessicant and employing a barrier layer having an initial water content of less than 6.5 Wt. %.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the method includes the steps of employing potassium nitrate as the dessicant and employing a barrier layer having an initial water content of about zero.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 41 wherein the heating step is effected by retorting the structure at 250° F. for 2 hours at 100% relative humidity.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 42 wherein the heating step is effected by retorting the structure at 250° F. for 2 hours at 100% relative humidity.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the step of maintaining the low water level is effected by incorporating a dessicant in the polymeric structure.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the step of maintaining the low water level is effected by incorporating a dessicant in a layer of the structure.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 46 wherein the dessicant is incorporated in a layer proximate the oxygen barrier layer.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 47 wherein the structure includes one or more adhesive layers and the dessicant is incorporated in the adhesive layer(s) of the structure.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
67 words
The oxygen barrier film of polyvinyl alcohol having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least 20% relative humidity while the film has a low water content, said film thereby having a higher main crystalline melting peak than the film would have if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
67 words
The oxygen barrier film of polyvinyl alcohol having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least 20% relative humidity while the film has a low water content, said film thereby having a higher main crystalline melting peak than the film would have if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
16 words
The film of claim 49 wherein the main melting peak is at least about 494° K.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
70 words
A polymeric structure comprised of polyvinyl alcohol having increased oxygen resistance by virture of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least 20% relative humidity while the polyvinyl alcohol had a low water content, said polyvinyl alcohol thereby having a higher main crystalline melting peak than the polyvinyl alcohol would have if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
70 words
A polymeric structure comprised of polyvinyl alcohol having increased oxygen resistance by virture of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least 20% relative humidity while the polyvinyl alcohol had a low water content, said polyvinyl alcohol thereby having a higher main crystalline melting peak than the polyvinyl alcohol would have if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
16 words
The film of claim 51 wherein the main melting peak is at least about 494° K.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
82 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure having a moisture sensitive oxyen barrier layer of polyvinyl alcohol having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of the structure having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while the polyvinyl alcohol has a low water content, said polyvinyl alcohol thereby having a higher main crystalline melting peak than the polyvinyl alcohol layer would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
82 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure having a moisture sensitive oxyen barrier layer of polyvinyl alcohol having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of the structure having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while the polyvinyl alcohol has a low water content, said polyvinyl alcohol thereby having a higher main crystalline melting peak than the polyvinyl alcohol layer would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
25 words
The multi-layer structure of claim 53 wherein the main melting peak is at least about 494° K. vinyl alcohol copolymers having increased oxygen resistance by
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
70 words
The oxygen barrier film of ethylene virtue of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while the film had a low water content, said film thereby having a greater vinyl alcohol-rich crystalline portion and a higher secondary crystalline melting peak than the film would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
70 words
The oxygen barrier film of ethylene virtue of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while the film had a low water content, said film thereby having a greater vinyl alcohol-rich crystalline portion and a higher secondary crystalline melting peak than the film would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
14 words
The film of claim 55 wherein the main melting peak is about 458° K.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
75 words
A polymeric structure comprised of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while the ethylene vinyl alcohol had a low water content, said ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer thereby having a greater vinyl alcohol-rich crystalline portion than it would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
75 words
A polymeric structure comprised of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least about 20% relative humidity while the ethylene vinyl alcohol had a low water content, said ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer thereby having a greater vinyl alcohol-rich crystalline portion than it would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
14 words
The film of claim 57 wherein the main melting peak is about 458° K.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
95 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure having a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of the structure having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least 20% relative humidity while the ethylene vinyl alcohol had a low water content, said ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer thereby having a greater vinyl alcohol rich crystalline portion and a higher secondary crystalline melting peak than the ethylene vinyl alcohol layer would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
95 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure having a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer having increased oxygen resistance by virtue of the structure having been heated in the presence of a moisture environment of at least 20% relative humidity while the ethylene vinyl alcohol had a low water content, said ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer thereby having a greater vinyl alcohol rich crystalline portion and a higher secondary crystalline melting peak than the ethylene vinyl alcohol layer would have had if it were not heated, or heated but not in the presence of moisture.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
14 words
The multi-layer structure of claim 59 wherein the main melting peak is about458° K.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
40 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and intermediate layers of an adherent polymer between the interior and exterior layers, the intermediate layers containing calcium oxide.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
40 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and intermediate layers of an adherent polymer between the interior and exterior layers, the intermediate layers containing calcium oxide.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
40 words
A multi-layer polymeric structue comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and intermediate layers of an adherent polymer between the interior and exterior layers, the intermediate layers containing drying agents.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
40 words
A multi-layer polymeric structue comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and intermediate layers of an adherent polymer between the interior and exterior layers, the intermediate layers containing drying agents.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
33 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of an adherent modified polyolefin, the modified polyolefin containing calcium oxide.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
33 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of an adherent modified polyolefin, the modified polyolefin containing calcium oxide.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
33 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of an adherent modified polyolefin, the modified polyolefin containing drying agents.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
33 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of an adherent modified polyolefin, the modified polyolefin containing drying agents.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
26 words
A multi-layer structure comprising an interior oxygen barrier layer of ethylene-vinyl alcohol, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of adherent modified polyolefin containing calcium oxide.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
26 words
A multi-layer structure comprising an interior oxygen barrier layer of ethylene-vinyl alcohol, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of adherent modified polyolefin containing calcium oxide.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
26 words
A multi-layer structure comprising an interior oxygen barrier layer of ethylene-vinyl alcohol, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of adherent modified polyolefin containing drying agents.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
26 words
A multi-layer structure comprising an interior oxygen barrier layer of ethylene-vinyl alcohol, exterior layers of polyolefin, and intermediate layers of adherent modified polyolefin containing drying agents.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
44 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylenevinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol, and a layer in which is incorporated calcium oxide and which is proximate to said moisture sensitive layer.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
44 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylenevinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol, and a layer in which is incorporated calcium oxide and which is proximate to said moisture sensitive layer.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
44 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylenevinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol, and a layer in which is incorporated drying agents and which is proximate to said moisture sensitive layer.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
44 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer selected from the group consisting of ethylenevinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol, and a layer in which is incorporated drying agents and which is proximate to said moisture sensitive layer.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
47 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and an intermediate layer of an adherent polymer between the interior layer and at least one of the exterior layers, the intermediate layer containing calcium oxide.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
47 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and an intermediate layer of an adherent polymer between the interior layer and at least one of the exterior layers, the intermediate layer containing calcium oxide.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
47 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and an intermediate layer of an adherent polymer between the interior layer and at least one of the exterior layers, the intermediate layer containing drying agents.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
47 words
A multi-layer polymeric structure comprising an interior layer of a moisture sensitive oxygen barrier polymer, exterior layers of a structural polymer, and an intermediate layer of an adherent polymer between the interior layer and at least one of the exterior layers, the intermediate layer containing drying agents.
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-09-13 | 1992-03-14 | 1992-09-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-09-13 | 1996-03-14 | 1996-09-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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