US4765874A — Laminated electrode the use thereof

Claim 1

Independent Claim 140 words

In an electrochemical cell comprising an anode coupled to means for supplying a positive potential thereto and a cathode coupled to means for supplying a negative potential thereto, for use in an electrochemcial reaction of the type wherein the anode and the cathode project into an electrolyte, and electricity flows therebetween and through the electrolyte, the electrochemical reaction being of the type wherein oxygen is released at the anode, the release of oxygen normally requiring an overpotential to be applied, wherein the improvement comprises means for reducing the oxygen overpotential comprising an anode comprising an electrically conductive base body comprising electrically conductive plastic, which contains carbon black only in the range of 7.5-25% by weight with a particle size under 0.02 microns; and partially embedded in said base body, catalytic particles comprising one or more catalysts applied to supporting particles.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 140 words

In an electrochemical cell comprising an anode coupled to means for supplying a positive potential thereto and a cathode coupled to means for supplying a negative potential thereto, for use in an electrochemcial reaction of the type wherein the anode and the cathode project into an electrolyte, and electricity flows therebetween and through the electrolyte, the electrochemical reaction being of the type wherein oxygen is released at the anode, the release of oxygen normally requiring an overpotential to be applied, wherein the improvement comprises means for reducing the oxygen overpotential comprising an anode comprising an electrically conductive base body comprising electrically conductive plastic, which contains carbon black only in the range of 7.5-25% by weight with a particle size under 0.02 microns; and partially embedded in said base body, catalytic particles comprising one or more catalysts applied to supporting particles.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 22 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 1, in which said electrically conductive base body has at least a thickness of 2 mm.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 23 words

A laminated electrode in accordance with claim 1, in which said electrically conductive base body contains finely divided carbon as electrically conductive material.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 20 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 3, in which said electrically conductive base body comprises thermoplastic and finely divided carbon.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 32 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 1, in which said catalyst comprises at least one of the group consisting of the platinum-group metals ruthenium, iridium, palladium, platinum and rhodium, and oxides thereof.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 40 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 5, in which said catalyst comprises at least one of the group consisting of the platinum-group metals and oxides thereof and at least one of the group consisting of base metals and oxides thereof.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 35 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 6, in which said base metal is at least one of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, tin, lead, antimony and bismuth.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 15 words

The improvment in accordance with claim 6, in which said catalyst consists of ruthenium-titanium oxide.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 26 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 1, in which said supporting particles comprise at least one of the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, niobium and tantalum.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 16 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 9, in which said supporting particles consist of titanium sponge.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 22 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 10, in which the particle size of said titanium sponge is between 0.2 and 1.0 mm.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 24 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 1, in which said supporting particles consist of titanium oxide of the general formula TiO 2-x with 0<x<1.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 22 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 12, in which the size of said titanium oxide particles is between 0.03 and 0.5 mm.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 20 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 1, which comprises a metal current distributor embedded in said electrically conductive base body.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 16 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 14, in which said current distributor comprises a metal mesh.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 15 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 14, in which said current distributor comprises expanded metal.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 15 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 14, in which said current distributor consists of titanium.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 24 words

The improvement in accordance with claim 14, in which said current distributor comprises at least one of the group consisting of copper and aluminum.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 124 words

Method of using an oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising an electrically conductive base body comprising electrically conductive plastic, which contains carbon black only in the range of 7.5-25% by weight with a particle size under 0.02 microns; and partially embedded in said base body, catalytic particles comprising one or more catalysts applied to supporting particles, the method of using the oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising: electrowinning metal from an aqueous acid electrolyte solution containing dissolved metal therein in an electrolysis cell containing a cathode, said anode and means to pass an electrolysis current through said cell between the anode and the cathode, by passing an electrolysis current through said cell to release oxygen at said anode and deposit dissolved metal from said solution on the cathode.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 124 words

Method of using an oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising an electrically conductive base body comprising electrically conductive plastic, which contains carbon black only in the range of 7.5-25% by weight with a particle size under 0.02 microns; and partially embedded in said base body, catalytic particles comprising one or more catalysts applied to supporting particles, the method of using the oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising: electrowinning metal from an aqueous acid electrolyte solution containing dissolved metal therein in an electrolysis cell containing a cathode, said anode and means to pass an electrolysis current through said cell between the anode and the cathode, by passing an electrolysis current through said cell to release oxygen at said anode and deposit dissolved metal from said solution on the cathode.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 113 words

Method of using an oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising an electrically conductive base body comprising electrically conductive plastic, which contains carbon black only in the range of 7.5-25% by weight with a particle size under 0.02 microns; and partially embedded in said base body, catalytic particles comprising one or more catalysts applied to supporting particles, the method of using the oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising: electroplating metal onto an electrically conductive substrate by providing said substrate and said anode in contact with an aqueous acid electrolytic metal plating bath and by passing an electric current through said plating bath in a direction to make said substrate a cathode and to release oxygen at said anode.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 113 words

Method of using an oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising an electrically conductive base body comprising electrically conductive plastic, which contains carbon black only in the range of 7.5-25% by weight with a particle size under 0.02 microns; and partially embedded in said base body, catalytic particles comprising one or more catalysts applied to supporting particles, the method of using the oxygen-evolving laminated anode comprising: electroplating metal onto an electrically conductive substrate by providing said substrate and said anode in contact with an aqueous acid electrolytic metal plating bath and by passing an electric current through said plating bath in a direction to make said substrate a cathode and to release oxygen at said anode.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1991-08-23	1992-02-22	1992-08-23	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1995-08-23	1996-02-22	1996-08-23	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1999-08-23	2000-02-22	2000-08-23	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Laminated electrode the use thereof

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