US4743273A
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Fuel composition and method for control of engine octane requirements
Assignee: ConocoPhillips Co
•
Filing: 1986-08-15
•
Granted: 1988-05-10
•
Expires: 2006-08-15
Abstract
Abstract The octane requirement increase phenomenon in a spark ignition internal combustion engine is controlled by introducing with the combustion charge a fuel composition containing an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a combination of compounds, the combination comprising (1) a gasoline soluble amide and (2) a gasoline soluble ketone. Usually the two compounds are each added to the fuel in a concentration between about 0.001 and 3 weight percent of the fuel. In particular, the combination of N,N-dibutyl formamide and either benzophenone or methylcyclohexanone provides an effective octane requirement increase-inhibiting additive for unleaded gasoline.
Inventors
- 👤 Michael C. Croudace
- 👤 Timothy Wusz
- 👤 Stephen Brass
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 19:53
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L10/00; C10L10/10; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/14; C10L1/18; C10L1/185; C10L1/1857; C10L1/22; C10L1/222; C10L1/224
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 87
Claim 1
Independent Claim
94 words
A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon liquid boiling within the gasoline range having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a combination of compounds comprising (1) a gasoline soluble ketone selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones and (2) a gasoline-soluble amide selected from the group consisting of formamides and acetamides having the formula ##STR3## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl radical, and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, said gasoline solubilizing radicals containing between them a total of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
94 words
A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon liquid boiling within the gasoline range having dissolved therein an octane requirement increase-inhibiting amount of a combination of compounds comprising (1) a gasoline soluble ketone selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones and (2) a gasoline-soluble amide selected from the group consisting of formamides and acetamides having the formula ##STR3## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl radical, and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, said gasoline solubilizing radicals containing between them a total of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
34 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the ketone is a cycloalkanone and the amide and cycloalkanone are each present in a concentration of between about 0.001 and about 3.0 weight percent of the fuel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
42 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the ketone is an aromatic ketone, the concentration of the amide being between about 0.001 and about 3.0 and the concentration of the aromatic ketone being between about 0.001 and 0.5 weight percent of the fuel.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
53 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein R 2 and R 3 are selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynloxy, and arylalkenyl radicals and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein R 2 and R 3 are straight or branched chain alkyl radicals.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
38 words
The composition of claim 2 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substitutents.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
38 words
The composition of claim 6 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propylbutyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the concentration of the combination added is between about 0.002 and 6.0 weight percent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel composition is unleaded and the concentration of the amide and ketone each is between about 0.05 and 1.0 weight percent in the fuel.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method for operating a spark ignition engine which comprises introducing a combustion intake charge to the engine comprising the composition of claim 1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 3 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 9 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 7 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 13 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 4 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 5 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of phenones and unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition as defined in claim 13 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of phenones and unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of phenones and unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition as defined in claim 5 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of phenones and unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said ketone is benzophenone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition as defined in claim 11 wherein said ketone is benzophenone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said ketone is methylcyclohexanone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition as defined in claim 11 wherein said ketone is methylcyclohexanone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition as defined in claim 13 wherein the concentration of the combination added is between about 0.002 and 6.0 weight percent.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition as defined in claim 17 wherein the concentration of the combination added is between about 0.002 and 6.0 weight percent.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition as defined in claim 21 wherein the concentration of the combination added is between about 0.002 and 6.0 weight percent.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
22 words
The composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the concentration of the combination added is between about 0.002 and 6.0 weight percent.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composition as defined in claim 1 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composition as defined in claim 4 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composition as defined in claim 31 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said ketone is an aromatic ketone.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition as defined in claim 4 wherein said ketone is an aromatic ketone.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
14 words
The composition as defined in claim 13 wherein said ketone is an aromatic ketone.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition as defined in claim 1 wherein said ketone is a cycloalkanone.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition as defined in claim 4 wherein said ketone is a cycloalkanone.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
13 words
The composition as defined in claim 13 wherein said ketone is a cycloalkanone.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 25 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 27 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 36 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 33 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 17 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 29 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
99 words
A fuel composition comprising hydrocarbons of the gasoline boiling range having dissolved therein in a total combined concentration of at least 0.002 percent by weight a gasoline soluble amide and a gasoline soluble ketone, said ketone being selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones and the amide being selected from the group consisting of acetamides and formamides having the formula ##STR4## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl radical, and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, said gasoline solubilizing radicals containing between them a total of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
99 words
A fuel composition comprising hydrocarbons of the gasoline boiling range having dissolved therein in a total combined concentration of at least 0.002 percent by weight a gasoline soluble amide and a gasoline soluble ketone, said ketone being selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones and the amide being selected from the group consisting of acetamides and formamides having the formula ##STR4## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl radical, and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, said gasoline solubilizing radicals containing between them a total of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
30 words
A fuel composition as defined in claim 14 wherein said amide and said ketone each are present in a concentration between about 0.001 and 3 weight percent of the composition.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition of claim 48 wherein the concentration of the amide and the ketone is each between about 0.05 and 1.0 weight percent of the composition.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
54 words
The composition of claim 49 wherein R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, and arylalkenyl radicals and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 48 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
54 words
The composition of claim 52 wherein R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, aryloxy, arylalkyloxy, alkenyl, alkenyloxy, alkynyl, alkynyloxy, and arylalkenyl radicals and heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the heteroatoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 52 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
24 words
A method for operating a spark ignition engine which comprises introducing with the combustion intake charge to the engine the composition of claim 48.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fuel composition as defined in claim 48 wherein said ketone is an aromatic ketone.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
50 words
The composition of claim 49 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 49 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 51 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 57 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition as defined in claim 51 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of phenones and unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition as defined in claim 57 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of phenones and unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition as defined in claim 49 wherein said ketone is benzophenone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
18 words
The composition as defined in claim 49 wherein said ketone is methylcyclohexanone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
40 words
A composition as defined in claim 51 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 48 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
12 words
The fuel composition of claim 60 wherein said fuel is unleaded gasoline.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
130 words
A concentrate suitable for use in liquid hydrocarbon fuel in the gasoline boiling range comprising: (a) a combination additive comprising (1) a gasoline soluble amide selected from the group consisting of formamides and acetamides having the formula ##STR5## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl radical, and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, said gasoline solubilizing radicals containing between them a total of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms, and (2) a gasoline soluble ketone selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones, said combination additive being present in a concentration between about 1 and 500 grams per gallon of concentrate, and (b) a fuel compatible diluent boiling in the range of from about 25° C. (77° F.). to about 225° C. (437° F.).
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
130 words
A concentrate suitable for use in liquid hydrocarbon fuel in the gasoline boiling range comprising: (a) a combination additive comprising (1) a gasoline soluble amide selected from the group consisting of formamides and acetamides having the formula ##STR5## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or methyl radical, and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, said gasoline solubilizing radicals containing between them a total of between 2 and 20 carbon atoms, and (2) a gasoline soluble ketone selected from the group consisting of cycloalkanones and aromatic ketones, said combination additive being present in a concentration between about 1 and 500 grams per gallon of concentrate, and (b) a fuel compatible diluent boiling in the range of from about 25° C. (77° F.). to about 225° C. (437° F.).
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
89 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of formamides and acetamides having the formula ##STR6## wherein R 1 is hydrogen or a methyl radical and R 2 and R 3 are gasoline solubilizing organic radicals, each gasoline solubilizing radical having between 1 and 10 carbon atoms, and the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cyclicalkanones and aromatic ketones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
46 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the gasoline solubilizing radicals are selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyloxy, and arylakenyl radicals and hetero-atom-substituted hydrocarbyl radicals wherein the hetero-atoms are selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
24 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and dialkyl substituted pentanones and phenones.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
21 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the diluent is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
13 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is an aromatic hydrocarbon.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
11 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the ketone is a phenone.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
50 words
The concentrate of claim 68 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
50 words
The concentrate of claim 71 wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-N-hexyl formamide, N,N-dibutyl formamide, N-methyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-decyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-pentyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-heptyl formamide, N-ethyl-N-nonyl formamide, N-propyl-N-butyl formamide, N-propyl-N-heptyl formamide, N,N-dipentyl formamide, N-propyl-N-octyl formamide, N-methyl-N-propyl acetamide, N-propyl-N-butyl acetamide, N,N-dibutyl acetamide, N,N-dipropyl acetamide, N-nonyl-N-decyl acetamide, and N-ethyl-N-decyl acetamide.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
32 words
The concentrate of claim 69 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
32 words
The concentrate of claim 75 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of methylcyclohexanone, ethylmethyl benzophenone, propylbutyl benzophenone, dimethyl benzophenone, cyclopentanone, trimethyl benzophenone, ethylmethyl cyclopentanone, propyl cyclopentanone, and dibutyl cyclopentanone.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
18 words
The concentrate as defined in claim 68 wherein said ketone is benzophenone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
18 words
The concentrate as defined in claim 68 wherein said ketone is methylcyclohexanone and said amide is N,N-dibutyl formamide.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
40 words
A concentrate as defined in claim 70 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
40 words
A concentrate as defined in claim 75 wherein the ketone is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted and alkyl and polyalkyl substituted cycloalkanones having a total of between 1 and 25 carbon atoms in the alkyl and polyalkyl substituents.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
14 words
The concentrate as defined in claim 68 wherein said ketone is an aromatic ketone.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
13 words
The concentrate as defined in claim 68 wherein said ketone is a cycloalkanone.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-05-10 | 1991-11-09 | 1992-05-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-05-10 | 1995-11-09 | 1996-05-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-11-09 | 2000-05-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |