US4707422A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Composite coating for electrochemical electrode and method
Assignee: Air Liquide Advanced Materials Inc
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Filing: 1986-06-10
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Granted: 1987-11-17
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Expires: 2006-06-10
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides a coating for electrodes for use in electrochemical cells having an electrochemically active species and an electrolyte. The coating contains active species material and is selectively permeable allowing for the diffusion of the active species through the coating during operation of the cell while providing a substantially impervious barrier to the electrolyte. The coating optionally further includes a polymer layer over the active species containing coating or layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of the active species layer. Electrodes utilizing the coatings described herein may be used in primary and secondary cells over a wide range of operating temperatures to deliver better electrochemical performance even at room temperature. Methods of making the coating and an apparatus for performing these methods on a continuous basis are disclosed. A novel composition of matter is disclosed comprising lithium, silicon, and fluorine prepared by exposing lithium metal to SiF 4 .
Inventors
- 👤 John P. de Neufville
- 👤 Dalbir Rajoria
- 👤 Stanford R. Ovshinsky
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 22:50
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/13; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; H01M4/24; H01M4/242; H01M4/36; H01M4/362; H01M4/364; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M2004/026; H01M2004/027; H01M2300/00; H01M2300/0002; H01M2300/0005; H01M2300/0014; H01M2300/0017; H01M2300/002; H01M2300/0025; H01M2300/0048; H01M4/38; H01M4/383; H01M4/64; H01M4/66; H01M4/661; H01M4/663; H01M4/669; H01M50/00; H01M50/40; H01M50/46; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
161 words
A coated electrode which is capable of electrochemically releasing an active species to a nonaqueous electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, said electrode comprising: an electrode body comprising active species material, said active species material comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, for storing said active species and subsequently discharging at least a portion of such stored active species to provide a supply of electrons; a composite coating over said electrode body comprising a non-metallic, inorganic, ionically conductive active species layer forming a coating over said electrode body for reducing passivation of said electrode body, said active species layer comprising said active species material present in said electrode body, at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one amphoteric element and a polymer layer over said inorganic layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of said inorganic layer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
161 words
A coated electrode which is capable of electrochemically releasing an active species to a nonaqueous electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, said electrode comprising: an electrode body comprising active species material, said active species material comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, for storing said active species and subsequently discharging at least a portion of such stored active species to provide a supply of electrons; a composite coating over said electrode body comprising a non-metallic, inorganic, ionically conductive active species layer forming a coating over said electrode body for reducing passivation of said electrode body, said active species layer comprising said active species material present in said electrode body, at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one amphoteric element and a polymer layer over said inorganic layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of said inorganic layer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said polymer is ionically conductive and insoluble in SOCl 2 .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The electrode of claim 2 wherein said ionically conductive polymer is thermoplastic polymer material based on para-xylylene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrode of claim 2 wherein the thickness of said polymer layer is in the range of from about 500 to about 10,000 angstroms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 2 wherein said ionically conductive polymer is perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said polymer is soluble in SOCl 2 .
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein said polymer is vinyl polymer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein said polymer is cyanoacrylate polymer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
11 words
The electrode of claim 6 wherein said polymer is silicone polymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active species layer consists essentially of lithium, silicon and at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, nitrogen and oxygen.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active species layer consists essentially of lithium, fluorine and material selected from the group consisting of arsenic, germanium, molybdenum, phosphorous, phosphorous with oxygen, and tungsten.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 11 wherein said active species layer comprises the compound Li 4 SiF 4 .
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said amphoteric element is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, arsenic, germanium, gallium, molybdenum, phosphorous, silicon, tungsten, and zinc.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active species coating is disordered.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
42 words
The electrode of claim 1 wherein said active species layer comprises the compound Li x MF x , where M is an amphoteric element and x is an integer from 1 to 6 corresponding to a valence of said amphoteric element M.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrode of claim 15 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of As, Ge, Mo, P, Sb, Si and W and x is an integer from 3 to 6.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
185 words
An electrochemical cell comprising: an electrochemically active species; an anode for storing said active species and subsequently discharging at least a portion of such stored active species to provide a supply of electrons, said anode comprising an anode body comprising active species material, said active species material comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium potassium, magnesium and calcium, and a composite coating over said electrode body comprising a non-metallic, inorganic, ionically conductive active species layer forming a coating over said electrode body for reducing passivation of said electrode body, said active species layer comprising the active species material of said anode, at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one amphoteric element and a polymer layer over said active species layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of said active species layer; cathode means for providing diffusion of said active species between said anode and said cathode means during operation of the cell, said cathode means operatively associated with said anode and including an electrolyte.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
185 words
An electrochemical cell comprising: an electrochemically active species; an anode for storing said active species and subsequently discharging at least a portion of such stored active species to provide a supply of electrons, said anode comprising an anode body comprising active species material, said active species material comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium potassium, magnesium and calcium, and a composite coating over said electrode body comprising a non-metallic, inorganic, ionically conductive active species layer forming a coating over said electrode body for reducing passivation of said electrode body, said active species layer comprising the active species material of said anode, at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one amphoteric element and a polymer layer over said active species layer for maintaining the mechanical integrity of said active species layer; cathode means for providing diffusion of said active species between said anode and said cathode means during operation of the cell, said cathode means operatively associated with said anode and including an electrolyte.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 17 wherein said polymer is ionically conductive and insoluble in SOCl 2 .
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 18 wherein said ionically conductive and insoluble polymer is thermoplastic polymer based on para-xylylene.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 18 wherein the thickness of said polymer layer is in the range of from about 500 to about 50,000 angstroms.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 18 wherein said polymer is perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 17 wherein said polymer is soluble in SOCl 2 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 22 wherein said polymer is vinyl polymer.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 22 wherein said polymer is cyanoacrylate polymer.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 22 wherein said polymer is silicone polymer.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
35 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 17 wherein said active species layer consists essentially of lithium, silicon and at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, nitrogen and oxygen.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
33 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 17 wherein said active species layer consists essentially of lithium, fluorine and material selected from the group consisting of arsenic, germanium, molybdenum, phosphorous, phosphorous with oxygen, and tungsten.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
19 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 27 wherein said active species layer comprises the compound Li 4 SiF 4 .
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 17 wherein said amphoteric element is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, arsenic, germanium, gallium, molybdenum, phosphorous, silicon, tungsten, and zinc.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
43 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 17 wherein said active species layer comprises the compound Li x MF x , where M is an amphoteric element and x is an integer from 1 to 6 corresponding to a valence of said amphoteric element M.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 30 wherein M is selected from the group consisting of As, Ge, Mo, P, Sb, Si and W and x is an integer from 3 to 6.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
143 words
A coated electrode which is capable of electrochemically releasing an active species to a nonaqueous electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, said electrode comprising: an electrode body comprising active species material, said active species material comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, for storing said active species and subsequently discharging at least a portion of such stored active species to provide a supply of electrons; a coating over said electrode body comprising a non-metallic, inorganic, ionically conductive active species layer forming a coating over said electrode body for reducing passivation of said electrode body, said active species layer comprising said active species material present in said electrode body, at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one amphoteric element.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
143 words
A coated electrode which is capable of electrochemically releasing an active species to a nonaqueous electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, said electrode comprising: an electrode body comprising active species material, said active species material comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, for storing said active species and subsequently discharging at least a portion of such stored active species to provide a supply of electrons; a coating over said electrode body comprising a non-metallic, inorganic, ionically conductive active species layer forming a coating over said electrode body for reducing passivation of said electrode body, said active species layer comprising said active species material present in said electrode body, at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen and at least one amphoteric element.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrode of claim 33 wherein said active species layer consists essentially of lithium, silicon and at least one electronegative element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, iodine, bromine, chlorine, nitrogen and oxygen.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrode of claim 33 wherein said active species layer consists essentially of lithium, fluorine and materials selected from the group consisting of arsenic, germanium, molybdenum, phosphorous, phosphorous with oxygen, and tungsten.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
18 words
The electrode of claim 33 wherein said active species layer comprises the compound Li 4 SiF 4 .
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
26 words
The electrode of claim 33 wherein said amphoteric element is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, arsenic, germanium, gallium, molybdenum, phosphorous, silicon, tungsten, and zinc.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-11-16 | 1991-05-18 | 1991-11-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-11-16 | 1995-05-18 | 1995-11-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-11-16 | 1999-05-18 | 1999-11-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |