US4678656A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Formation of dense chlorine hydrate
Assignee: Energy Development Associates Inc
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Filing: 1985-07-05
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Granted: 1987-07-07
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Expires: 2005-07-05
Abstract
Abstract A method of forming chlorine hydrate is described which generally comprises, combining liquid chlorine with an aqueous liquid, and removing the heat of hydrate formation. This method may also include the steps of mixing the liquid chlorine with the aqueous liquid, and cooling the chlorine hydrate to provide a pressure decrease. However, in accordance with the present invention, no refrigeration of the aqueous liquid is required, as the heat of formation may be released to a substantially room temperature environment.
Inventors
- 👤 Harry K. Bjorkman, Jr.
- 👤 Peter Carr
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 08:49
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01B; C01B7/00; C01B7/01; C01B7/015; B; B01; B01J; B01J14/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 14
Claim 1
Independent Claim
144 words
A method of forming chlorine hydrate, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a vessel capable of being sealed off from the ambient environment; (b) adding a quantity of an aqueous liquid to said vessel; (c) adding liquid chlorine into said vessel in a quantity such that a portion of the liquid chlorine evaporates until the pressure in said vessel is below 100 psig, but above those chlorine vapor pressures necessary for the formation of chlorine hydrate in the temperature range +6° C. to +20° C., and said pressure is maintained throughout the formation of chlorine hydrate; (d) sealing the vessel; (e) allowing the quantity of aqueous liquid to react with the remaining liquid chlorine to form chlorine hydrate; and (f) removing the heat of hydrate formation to an environment having a temperature of approximately +6° C. up to a room temperature of approximately 26°C.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
144 words
A method of forming chlorine hydrate, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a vessel capable of being sealed off from the ambient environment; (b) adding a quantity of an aqueous liquid to said vessel; (c) adding liquid chlorine into said vessel in a quantity such that a portion of the liquid chlorine evaporates until the pressure in said vessel is below 100 psig, but above those chlorine vapor pressures necessary for the formation of chlorine hydrate in the temperature range +6° C. to +20° C., and said pressure is maintained throughout the formation of chlorine hydrate; (d) sealing the vessel; (e) allowing the quantity of aqueous liquid to react with the remaining liquid chlorine to form chlorine hydrate; and (f) removing the heat of hydrate formation to an environment having a temperature of approximately +6° C. up to a room temperature of approximately 26°C.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aqueous liquid is added to said vessel before said liquid chlorine is added to said vessel.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method according to claim 1 further including the step of mixing said liquid chlorine with said aqueous liquid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 3, wherein said mixing step occurs concomitantly with said step of removing the heat of hydrate formation.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of adding said liquid chlorine to said vessel, said step of adding said aqueous liquid to said vessel and said step of mixing said liquid chlorine with said aqueous liquid all occur concomitantly.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aqueous liquid is water.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aqueous liquid is an aqueous electrolyte.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method according to claim 1, further including the step of maintaining the temperature of said aqueous liquid within the temperature range +6° C. to +20° C. before said aqueous liquid is combined with said liquid chlorine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 1 including the step of cooling said chlorine hydrate such that the pressure inside said vessel decreases.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method according to claim 1, wherein said method of forming chlorine hydrate forms part of a method for charging a zinc-chloride battery.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
156 words
A method of forming chloride hydrate as part of a method of charging a zinc-chloride battery contained in an electric vehicle, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a vessel capable of being sealed off from the ambient environment; (b) adding a predetermined quantity of an aqueous liquid to said vessel; (c) adding liquid chlorine into said vessel in a quantity such that a portion of the liquid chlorine evaporates until the pressure in said vessel is below 100 psig, but above those chlorine vapor pressures, specified in FIG. 1, necessary for the formation of chlorine hydrate in the temperature range +6° C. to +20° C. and said pressure is maintained throughout the formation of chlorine hydrate; (d) sealing the vessel; (e) allowing the quantity of aqueous liquid to react with the liquid chlorine to form chlorine hydrate; and (f) removing the heat of hydrate formation to a substantially ambient room temperature environment up to approximately +26°C.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
156 words
A method of forming chloride hydrate as part of a method of charging a zinc-chloride battery contained in an electric vehicle, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a vessel capable of being sealed off from the ambient environment; (b) adding a predetermined quantity of an aqueous liquid to said vessel; (c) adding liquid chlorine into said vessel in a quantity such that a portion of the liquid chlorine evaporates until the pressure in said vessel is below 100 psig, but above those chlorine vapor pressures, specified in FIG. 1, necessary for the formation of chlorine hydrate in the temperature range +6° C. to +20° C. and said pressure is maintained throughout the formation of chlorine hydrate; (d) sealing the vessel; (e) allowing the quantity of aqueous liquid to react with the liquid chlorine to form chlorine hydrate; and (f) removing the heat of hydrate formation to a substantially ambient room temperature environment up to approximately +26°C.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 11, including the step of cooling said chlorine hydrate, such that the pressure inside said vessel decreases.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4386140A
Cited
US4594298A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-07-06 | 1991-01-05 | 1991-07-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-07-06 | 1995-01-05 | 1995-07-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-07-06 | 1999-01-05 | 1999-07-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |