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US4670842A
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Method and system for the generation of Arabic script
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1984-05-10
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Granted: 1987-06-02
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Expires: 2004-05-10
Abstract
Abstract For effecting the automatic selection of Arabic character forms for display/printing of Arabic script, the structure of Arabic words is defined in terms of the respective shapes of the characters, and then production rules are derived to logically effect selection of an appropriate variant shape for any given character. By the disclosed teaching, a method and system are defined capable of handling not only the usual text, but also initials, acronyms, vowels, compound shapes, special end-of-word and stand-alone shapes.
Inventors
- 👤 Mohamed F. Metwaly
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 09:21
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F3/00; G06F3/01; G06F3/03; G09; G09G; G09G5/00; G09G5/22; G09G5/24; G09G5/246
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
205 words
The method of selecting appropriate shapes of characters, for displaying and/or printing Arabic script, comprising the steps of: (a) classifying the characters in an Arabic character set into different, predetermined sets in accordance with predefined character functions, said functions comprising dividing, non-dividing and vowel functions, each predetermined set consisting of characters capable of being written in one or more positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (b) subdividing each predetermined set into specific groups of character shapes, each group consisting of character shapes that are limited, respectively, to specific, single, character positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (c) selecting the predetermined set of any input character through a code generated by keying such character; (d) logically determining the group, and therefore the character shape of any such selected character, appropriate to the word or phase positions for which the character was selected, wherein, said logical determination of character shapes is effected under production rules establishing which character shapes and therefore which groups of character shapes, must be entered at any given location in a word or phrase; and (e) providing a plurality of logic states to respectively represent different positions that selected characters may be required to occupy in any given work or phrase.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
205 words
The method of selecting appropriate shapes of characters, for displaying and/or printing Arabic script, comprising the steps of: (a) classifying the characters in an Arabic character set into different, predetermined sets in accordance with predefined character functions, said functions comprising dividing, non-dividing and vowel functions, each predetermined set consisting of characters capable of being written in one or more positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (b) subdividing each predetermined set into specific groups of character shapes, each group consisting of character shapes that are limited, respectively, to specific, single, character positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (c) selecting the predetermined set of any input character through a code generated by keying such character; (d) logically determining the group, and therefore the character shape of any such selected character, appropriate to the word or phase positions for which the character was selected, wherein, said logical determination of character shapes is effected under production rules establishing which character shapes and therefore which groups of character shapes, must be entered at any given location in a word or phrase; and (e) providing a plurality of logic states to respectively represent different positions that selected characters may be required to occupy in any given work or phrase.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of selecting appropriate character shapes as defined in claim 1 wherein said plurality of logic states include two states relating to compound shapes of characters.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method of selecting appropriate character shapes as defined in claim 1 wherein said plurality of states include two states relating to special end-of-word and stand-alone shapes of characters.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
206 words
The method of selecting appropriate shapes of characters, for displaying and/or printing Arabic script, comprising the steps of: (a) classifying the characters in an Arabic character set into different, predetermined sets in accordance with predefined character functions, said functions comprising dividing, non-dividing and vowel functions, each predetermined set consisting of characters capable of being written in one or more positions within an Arabic word or phase; (b) sub-dividing each predetermined set into specific groups of character shapes, each group consisting of character shapes that are limited, rspectively, to specific, single, character positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (c) selecting the predetermined set of any input character through a code generated by keying such character; (d) logically determining the group, and therefore the character shape of any such selected character, appropriate to the word or phrase positions for which the character was selected, wherein logical determination of character shapes is effected through a plurality of logic states operating under respective character production rules to establish which character shapes, and therefore which groups of character shapes, must be entered at any given location in a word or phrase, said plurality of logic states respectively relating to dividing, non-dividing, vowel, compound, special end-of-word and stand-alone shapes of characters.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
206 words
The method of selecting appropriate shapes of characters, for displaying and/or printing Arabic script, comprising the steps of: (a) classifying the characters in an Arabic character set into different, predetermined sets in accordance with predefined character functions, said functions comprising dividing, non-dividing and vowel functions, each predetermined set consisting of characters capable of being written in one or more positions within an Arabic word or phase; (b) sub-dividing each predetermined set into specific groups of character shapes, each group consisting of character shapes that are limited, rspectively, to specific, single, character positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (c) selecting the predetermined set of any input character through a code generated by keying such character; (d) logically determining the group, and therefore the character shape of any such selected character, appropriate to the word or phrase positions for which the character was selected, wherein logical determination of character shapes is effected through a plurality of logic states operating under respective character production rules to establish which character shapes, and therefore which groups of character shapes, must be entered at any given location in a word or phrase, said plurality of logic states respectively relating to dividing, non-dividing, vowel, compound, special end-of-word and stand-alone shapes of characters.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
40 words
The method of selecting appropriate character shapes as defined in claims 4 where, in the event of memory loss, an initialization state is automatically invoked, preceding characters are checked and the last logic state prior to memory loss is re-instated.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
165 words
The method of selecting appropriate shapes of characters, for displaying and/or printing Arabic script, comprising the steps of: (a) classifying the charactes in an Arabic character set into different, predetermined sets in accordance with predefined character functions, said functions comprising dividing, non-dividing and vowel functions, each predetermined set consisting of characters capable of being written in one or more positions within an Arabic word or phase; (b) subdividing each predetermined set into specific groups of character shapes, each group consisting of character shapes that are limited, respectively, to specific, single, character positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (c) selecting the predetermined set of any input character through a code generated by keying such character; (d) logically determining the group, and therefore the character shape of any such selected character, appropriate to the word or phrase positions for which the character was selected, and (e) selectively initiating a logic state for the production of initials and acronyms by limiting shape selection to the stand-alone shape.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
165 words
The method of selecting appropriate shapes of characters, for displaying and/or printing Arabic script, comprising the steps of: (a) classifying the charactes in an Arabic character set into different, predetermined sets in accordance with predefined character functions, said functions comprising dividing, non-dividing and vowel functions, each predetermined set consisting of characters capable of being written in one or more positions within an Arabic word or phase; (b) subdividing each predetermined set into specific groups of character shapes, each group consisting of character shapes that are limited, respectively, to specific, single, character positions within an Arabic word or phrase; (c) selecting the predetermined set of any input character through a code generated by keying such character; (d) logically determining the group, and therefore the character shape of any such selected character, appropriate to the word or phrase positions for which the character was selected, and (e) selectively initiating a logic state for the production of initials and acronyms by limiting shape selection to the stand-alone shape.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
130 words
A machine method of automatically generating cursive script for a context sensitive language wherein the various characters may each have a number of different shapes depending upon particular character location within a word or part of a word, comprising the steps of: (a) generating a class code for each successive selected character, each class code being representative of the connectability or non-connectability of its associated character to a succeeding character; (b) in dependence upon the class codes generated for a current selected character and its immediately preceding class code, generating an output code identifying a predicted shape for the current selected character, and (c) upon generating a code representing a word delimiter, where necessary to comply with the context sensitivity of the language, re-shaping the last character of the word.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
130 words
A machine method of automatically generating cursive script for a context sensitive language wherein the various characters may each have a number of different shapes depending upon particular character location within a word or part of a word, comprising the steps of: (a) generating a class code for each successive selected character, each class code being representative of the connectability or non-connectability of its associated character to a succeeding character; (b) in dependence upon the class codes generated for a current selected character and its immediately preceding class code, generating an output code identifying a predicted shape for the current selected character, and (c) upon generating a code representing a word delimiter, where necessary to comply with the context sensitivity of the language, re-shaping the last character of the word.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
67 words
A machine method as defined in claim 7, wherein each generated class code constitutes an input to an invoked state of a plurality of states in a finite-state machine, each said input effectively producing: (a) an output code identifying a predicted character shape for a current selected character, and, (b) a decision to retain or change the invoked state for processing the next successive character class code.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
84 words
A machine method as defined in claim 8 wherein said plurality of states includes three states nominally identified as a beginning-of-word state, a medial state, and a free-standing state, each state being comprised of a sub-routine responsive to the input of a character class code to direct an appropriate output character class code and to determine the state to be used in processing the next successive character class code, such that the plurality of states effectively memorizes current position in a word being processed.
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