Absorptive material

Claim 2

A process for preparing a water-insoluble, water-swellable polymer, which comprises the steps of: dispersing (1) an aqueous solution of a water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl or carboxylate group in the molecule, in (2) a hydrophobic organic liquid dispersion medium to form a water-in-oil suspension, said suspension also containing a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, said protective colloid being insoluble or sparingly soluble in said dispersion medium at room temperature; then polymerizing said monomer under water-in-oil suspension polymerization conditions, in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, at an elevated polymerization temperature, said protective colloid being soluble in said dispersion medium at said elevated polymerization temperature, whereby to form particles of a hydrophilic polymer dispersed in said liquid dispersion medium; then removing water from said dispersion so that said hydrophilic polymer has a water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight, then mixing said dispersion in which said hydrophilic polymer has a water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight, with a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 functional groups reactive with carboxyl and carboxylate groups, under conditions effective to crosslink said polymer and to provide a higher crosslinking density on the surfaces of said polymer particles than in the interiors of said polymer particles; and then removing said dispersion medium to obtain said polymer particles.

Claim 3

A process for preparing a water-insoluble, water-swellable polymer, which comprises the steps of: dispersing (1) an aqueous solution of water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl or carboxylate group in the molecule, said aqueous solution containing no crosslinking agent, in (2) a hydrophobic, hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, liquid dispersion medium so that the ratio of said dispersion medium to said aqueous solution is from 1/1 to 5/1, whereby to form a water-in-oil suspension, said suspension also containing from 0.05 to 10 wt.%, based on said dispersion medium, of a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, said protective colloid being insoluble or sparingly soluble in said dispersion medium at room temperature; then polymerizing said monomer under water-in-oil suspension polymerization conditions, in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, at an elevated polymerization temperature of from 50° C. up to the boiling point of the dispersion medium, said protective colloid being soluble in said dispersion medium at said elevated polymerization temperature, whereby to form particles of a hydrophilic polymer dispersed in said liquid dispersion medium, said particles having a particle size of at least 100 micrometers; then removing water from said dispersion so that said hydrophilic polymer has a water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight, then mixing said dispersion in which the hydrophilic polymer has a water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight, with from 0.01 to 5 wt.%, based on said polymer, of a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 functional groups reactive with carboxyl and carboxylate groups, under conditions effective to crosslink said polymer and to provide a higher crosslinking density on the surfaces of said polymer particles than in the interiors of said polymer particles; and then removing said dispersion medium to obtain said polymer particles.

Claim 4

A process for preparing a water-insoluble, water-swellable polymer, which comprises the steps of: dispersing (1) an aqueous solution of water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl or carboxylate group in the molecule, said aqueous solution containing no crosslinking agent, in (2) a hydrophobic, hydrocarbon or halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon, liquid dispersion medium so that the ratio of said dispersion medium to said aqueous solution is from 1/1 to 5/1, whereby to form a water-in-oil suspension, said suspension also containing from 0.05 to 10 wt.%, based on said dispersion medium, of a protective colloid selected from the group consisting of cellulose esters and cellulose ethers, said protective colloid being insoluble or sparingly soluble in said dispersion medium at room temperature; then polymerizing said monomer under water-in-oil suspension polymerization conditions, in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator, at an elevated polymerization temperature of from 50° C. up to the boiling point of the dispersion medium, said protective colloid being soluble in said dispersion medium at said elevated polymerization temperature, whereby to form particles of a hydrophilic polymer dispersed in said liquid dispersion medium, said particles having a particle size of at least 100 micrometers; then removing water from said dispersion so that said hydrophilic polymer has a water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight, then mixing said dispersion in which the hydrophilic polymer has a water content of from 10 to 40 percent by weight, with from 0.01 to 5 wt.%, based on said polymer, of a crosslinking agent containing at least 2 functional groups reactive with carboxyl and carboxylate groups, under conditions effective to crosslink said polymer and to provide a higher crosslinking density on the surfaces of said polymer particles than in the interiors of said polymer particles; and then removing said dispersion medium to obtain said polymer particles.

Claim 5

A process as claimed in claim 2 in which in said removing step, water is removed from said dispersion until said hydrophilic polymer has a water content of 15 to 35%.

Claim 6

A process as claimed in claim 2 in which said monomer is acrylic acid, a salt of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or a salt of methacrylic acid.

Claim 7

A process as claimed in claim 2 in which said monomer comprises sodium acrylate.