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US4650421A
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US
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Representation of color for blind persons
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1985-05-13
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Granted: 1987-03-17
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Expires: 2005-05-13
Abstract
Abstract The convention is established and made known to a blind person that a first set of substantially parallel first lines oriented on a substrate in a first direction represents a first color, a second set of substantially parallel second lines oriented on the substrate in a second direction represents a second color and a third set of substantially parallel third lines oriented on the substrate in a third direction represents a third color. The three colors are different from each other and, when mixed together in different combinations, provide other different colors. The three colors may be magenta, cyan and yellow from which green, purple and red can be derived by various combinations of two of the three basic colors and black from all three. The three directions are different from each other, e.g., horizontal, 60° and 120°. In the area of the substrate where color is to be represented, one or more of the three sets of lines oriented in its or their respective direction or directions is or are provided depending on the color to be represented, these lines being constructed and arranged to be capable of being sensed by the fingers of a blind person.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward Anczurowski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 06:53
CPC Classifications
G; G09; G09B; G09B21/00; G09B21/001; G09B21/003
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
126 words
For use in representing color to a blind person, the provision on a substrate in superimposed relationship to each other of at least two sets of a first set of substantially parallel first lines, a second set of substantially parallel second lines and third set of substantially parallel third lines, the orientation of said first, second and third sets on said substrate by convention known to the blind person representing three different colors which, when mixed together in different combinations, provide other different colors, said first, second and third sets of lines extending in three different directions with respect to each other, said lines being raised above the surface of said substrate and thereby being capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
126 words
For use in representing color to a blind person, the provision on a substrate in superimposed relationship to each other of at least two sets of a first set of substantially parallel first lines, a second set of substantially parallel second lines and third set of substantially parallel third lines, the orientation of said first, second and third sets on said substrate by convention known to the blind person representing three different colors which, when mixed together in different combinations, provide other different colors, said first, second and third sets of lines extending in three different directions with respect to each other, said lines being raised above the surface of said substrate and thereby being capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said first, second and third sets of lines represent magenta, cyan and yellow respectively.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
38 words
The invention according to claim 2 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
The invention according to claim 2 wherein two of said sets of lines are provided on said substrate representing colors selected from green, purple and red.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
38 words
The invention according to claim 4 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
The invention according to claim 2 wherein said three sets of lines are provided on said substrate in superimposed relationship to each other representing the color black.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
38 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said three sets of lines are provided on said substrate in superimposed relationship to each other.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said first, second and third sets of lines are magenta, cyan and yellow respectively.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
The invention according to claim 9 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said lines are formed by toner.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said lines are embossed in said substrate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
The invention according to claim 1 wherein said lines are formed by expansion of parts of said substrate by heat.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for representing color to a blind person in which a convention has been established and is known to the blind person that a first set of substantially parallel first lines oriented on a substrate in a first direction represents a first color, a second set of substantially parallel second lines oriented on said substrate in a second direction represents a second color and a third set of substantially parallel third lines oriented on said substrate in a third direction represents a third color; said first, second and third colors being different from each other and, when mixed together in different combinations, providing other different colors; said first, second and third directions being different from each other; comprising providing on said substrate in superimposed relationship to each other and in an area where color is to be represented at least two sets of said first, second and third sets of lines oriented in their respective directions and being raised above the surface of said substrate, thereby being capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for representing color to a blind person in which a convention has been established and is known to the blind person that a first set of substantially parallel first lines oriented on a substrate in a first direction represents a first color, a second set of substantially parallel second lines oriented on said substrate in a second direction represents a second color and a third set of substantially parallel third lines oriented on said substrate in a third direction represents a third color; said first, second and third colors being different from each other and, when mixed together in different combinations, providing other different colors; said first, second and third directions being different from each other; comprising providing on said substrate in superimposed relationship to each other and in an area where color is to be represented at least two sets of said first, second and third sets of lines oriented in their respective directions and being raised above the surface of said substrate, thereby being capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein said first, second and third sets of lines represent magenta, cyan and yellow respectively.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method according to claim 15 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
62 words
The method according to claim 14 further including providing on said substrate in superimposed relationship to said two sets and in said area where color is to be represented another set of said first, second and third sets of lines oriented in its respective direction and constructed and arranged to be capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method according to claim 18 wherein said first, second and third sets of lines represent magenta, cyan and yellow respectively and said first, second and third sets of lines together represent black.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method according to claim 19 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein said first, second and third sets of lines represent magenta, cyan and yellow respectively and said two sets of said first, second and third sets of lines represent at least one of green, purple and red.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method according to claim 21 wherein said second set of lines are at about 60° to said first set of lines and said third set of lines are at about 120° to said first set of lines.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein said lines are formed by toner.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method according to claim 14 wherein said lines are embossed in said substrate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 16 wherein said lines are formed by expansion of parts of said substrate by heat.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
273 words
A method for representing color to a blind person in which a convention has been established and is known to the blind person that a first set of substantially parallel first lines oriented on a substrate in a first direction represents a first color, a second set of substantially parallel second lines oriented on said substrate in a second direction represents a second color and a third set of substantially parallel third lines oriented on said substrate in a third direction represents a third color; said first, second and third colors being different from each other and, when mixed together in different combinations, providing other different colors; said first, second and third directions being different from each other; comprising providing on said substrate in an area where color is to be represented said first, second and third sets of lines with at least two of said sets of lines being in superimposed relationship to each other, said lines being oriented in their respective directions and being raised above the surface of said substrate, thereby being capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person, said lines being provided on said substrate by selectively exposing three times to light an original to be copied on said substrate, once using a filter for said first color and a screen having said first lines to produce a first image, a second time using a filter for said second color and a screen having said second lines to produce a second image and a third time using a filter for said third color and a screen having said third lines to produce a third image.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
273 words
A method for representing color to a blind person in which a convention has been established and is known to the blind person that a first set of substantially parallel first lines oriented on a substrate in a first direction represents a first color, a second set of substantially parallel second lines oriented on said substrate in a second direction represents a second color and a third set of substantially parallel third lines oriented on said substrate in a third direction represents a third color; said first, second and third colors being different from each other and, when mixed together in different combinations, providing other different colors; said first, second and third directions being different from each other; comprising providing on said substrate in an area where color is to be represented said first, second and third sets of lines with at least two of said sets of lines being in superimposed relationship to each other, said lines being oriented in their respective directions and being raised above the surface of said substrate, thereby being capable of being sensed by the fingers of the blind person, said lines being provided on said substrate by selectively exposing three times to light an original to be copied on said substrate, once using a filter for said first color and a screen having said first lines to produce a first image, a second time using a filter for said second color and a screen having said second lines to produce a second image and a third time using a filter for said third color and a screen having said third lines to produce a third image.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 26 including the steps of developing said images, transferring the same to said substrate and fixing said images on said substrate.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 27 wherein toner is employed to develop said images and said images are fixed to said substrate by fusing said toner.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-03-16 | 1990-09-15 | 1991-03-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-03-16 | 1994-09-15 | 1995-03-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-03-16 | 1998-09-15 | 1999-03-17 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |