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US4643958A
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Electrolyte additive for lithium-sulfur dioxide electrochemical cells
Assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
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Filing: 1985-09-12
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Granted: 1987-02-17
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Expires: 2005-09-12
Abstract
Abstract A quinone imine dye can be used as an electrolyte additive in lithium-sulfur dioxide electrochemical cells to reduce the polarization which is observed during current flow conditions and, in some cases, to improve electrolyte stability and prevent or reduce the possibility of explosion upon abuse.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert J. Thrash
- 👤 John F. Connolly
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 08:02
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/05; H01M10/056; H01M10/0564; H01M10/0566; H01M10/0567; H01M10/0561; H01M10/0563; H01M10/052; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
34 words
A nonaqueous conductive liquid which comprises a solution of at least one quinone imine dye and at least one lithium salt in liquid sulfur dioxide, wherein said dye is free of acidic hydrogen atoms.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
34 words
A nonaqueous conductive liquid which comprises a solution of at least one quinone imine dye and at least one lithium salt in liquid sulfur dioxide, wherein said dye is free of acidic hydrogen atoms.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
98 words
A nonaqueous conductive liquid as set forth in claim 1 wherein said dye comprises a component of the formula: ##STR7## where R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and --N + R 4 R 5 ; and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
43 words
A nonaqueous conductive liquid as set forth in claim 1 wherein said solution additionally comprises at least one lithium-free salt which is selected from the group consisting of salts containing metal cation complexes, quaternary ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, pyridinium salts and arsonium salts.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
37 words
A nonaqueous conductive liquid as set forth in claim 1 wherein said solution additionally comprises an organic liquid cosolvent for said quinone imine dye and lithium salt which is substantially inert to lithium metal and sulfur dioxide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
30 words
A nonaqueous conductive liquid as set forth in claim 1 wherein the concentration of said dye in the solution is in the range from about 0.001 to about 0.5 molar.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
57 words
An electrochemical cell comprising in combination: (a) a lithium anode; (b) a cathode; and (c) a nonaqueous conductive liquid electrolyte which comprises a cathode depolarizer, at least one dissolved lithium salt and minor amount of at least one quinone imine dye, wherein said cathode depolarizer is sulfur dioxide and said dye is free of acidic hydrogen atoms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
57 words
An electrochemical cell comprising in combination: (a) a lithium anode; (b) a cathode; and (c) a nonaqueous conductive liquid electrolyte which comprises a cathode depolarizer, at least one dissolved lithium salt and minor amount of at least one quinone imine dye, wherein said cathode depolarizer is sulfur dioxide and said dye is free of acidic hydrogen atoms.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
97 words
An electrochemical cell as set forth in claim 6 wherein said dye comprises a component of the formula: ##STR8## where R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and alkyl groups of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur; Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and --N + R 4 R 5 ; and R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
An electrochemical cell as set forth in claim 7 wherein the amount of said dye is effective to reduce the polarization of said cell upon charge or discharge.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
39 words
An electrochemical cell as set forth in claim 6 wherein said lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium dithionite, lithium sulfate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bromide, lithium aluminum chloride and lithium gallium chloride.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
43 words
An electrochemical cell as set forth in claim 6 wherein said electrolyte additionally comprises at least one lithium-free electrolyte salt which is selected from the group consisting of salts containing metal cation complexes, quaternary ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, pyridinium salts and arsonium salts.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
54 words
An electrochemical cell comprising in combination: (a) a lithium anode; (b) a cathode; and (c) a nonaqueous conductive liquid electrolyte which comprises a cathode depolarizer, at least one dissolved lithium salt and a minor amount of an organic cation, wherein said cathode depolarizer is sulfur dioxide and said organic cation has the formula: ##STR9##
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
54 words
An electrochemical cell comprising in combination: (a) a lithium anode; (b) a cathode; and (c) a nonaqueous conductive liquid electrolyte which comprises a cathode depolarizer, at least one dissolved lithium salt and a minor amount of an organic cation, wherein said cathode depolarizer is sulfur dioxide and said organic cation has the formula: ##STR9##
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
56 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 11 wherein said electrolyte comprises liquid sulfur dioxide having dissolved therein: (a) at least one salt containing said organic cation; (b) at least one lithium salt; and (c) at least one lithium-free salt other than the salt containing said organic cation which is substantially inert to lithium metal and sulfur dioxide.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
36 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein said lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium dithionite, lithium sulfate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bromide, lithium aluminum chloride and lithium gallium chloride.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein said lithium-free salt is selected from the group consisting of salts containing metal cation complexes, quaternary ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, pyridinium salts and arsonium salts.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
55 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein said lithium salt comprises lithium perchlorate and said lithium-free salt comprises a quaternary ammounium salt of the formula: ##STR10## wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
51 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein said lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium dithionite, lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluorophosphate; and said lithium-free salt contains a cation selected from the group consisting of Mn(2,2'-dipyridyl) 2 ++ , Mn(2,2'-dipyridyl) 3 ++ and Mn(1,10-phenanthroline) 3 ++ .
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein the concentration of said organic cation in said electrolyte is in the range from about 0.01 to about 0.5 molar.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrochemical cell of claim 11 wherein said cathode is comprised of carbon.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-02-16 | 1990-08-18 | 1991-02-17 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-02-16 | 1994-08-18 | 1995-02-17 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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