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US4633372A
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Polyoxometalate-modified carbon electrodes and uses therefor in capacitors
Assignee: Standard Oil Co
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Filing: 1985-08-26
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Granted: 1986-12-30
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Expires: 2005-08-26
Abstract
Abstract Improved activated carbon electrodes are disclosed, which electrodes have increased charge storage capacity. Such improved electrodes are incorporated into energy storage devices such as electrical double layer capacitors. The improved charge storage capacity is due to the adsorption of polyoxometalate compounds into the activated carbon, which compounds are capable of reversible redox reactions and so provide a secondary charge storage mechanism without decreasing the charge storage ability of the activated carbon.
Inventors
- 👤 James L. Calahan
- 👤 Edward A. Cuellar
- 👤 Michael J. Desmond
- 👤 John C. Currie
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 12:06
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01G; H01G4/00; H01G4/002; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/58; H01M4/5825; H01G11/00; H01G11/22; H01G11/30; H01G11/32; H01G11/34; H01G11/52; H01G11/54; H01M10/00; H01M10/05; H01M4/583; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10; Y02E60/13
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
198 words
An improved carbon-based electrode comprising an activated carbon electrode having absorbed throughout the electrode structure a polyoxometalate compound represented by the formula A.sub.a [L.sub.l M.sub.m J.sub.z O.sub.y ] wherein A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the Group I-A to VIII-A or I-B to VII-B elements, the rare earths or actinides, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkyl phosphonium and alkyl arsonium; L is at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Group III-B to VII-B elements; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group I-A to IV-A metals, Group VII-A to II-B metals, the rare earths and actinides; and J is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group V-A and Group VI-A metals; and wherein a is a number which when multiplied by the valence of A will balance the charge on the polyoxometalate complex within the brackets; l is a number ranging from zero to about 20; m is a number ranging from zero to about 20; z is a number ranging from about 1 to about 50; and y is a number ranging from about 7 to about 150.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
198 words
An improved carbon-based electrode comprising an activated carbon electrode having absorbed throughout the electrode structure a polyoxometalate compound represented by the formula A.sub.a [L.sub.l M.sub.m J.sub.z O.sub.y ] wherein A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the Group I-A to VIII-A or I-B to VII-B elements, the rare earths or actinides, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkyl phosphonium and alkyl arsonium; L is at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Group III-B to VII-B elements; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group I-A to IV-A metals, Group VII-A to II-B metals, the rare earths and actinides; and J is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group V-A and Group VI-A metals; and wherein a is a number which when multiplied by the valence of A will balance the charge on the polyoxometalate complex within the brackets; l is a number ranging from zero to about 20; m is a number ranging from zero to about 20; z is a number ranging from about 1 to about 50; and y is a number ranging from about 7 to about 150.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
96 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein L is at least one element of the group consisting of P, As, Si, Al, H, Ge, Ga and B; M is at least one element of the group Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Zr and Re; and J is at least one metal of the group consisting of Mo, W and V; and wherein l ranges from zero to about 4; m ranges from zero to about 6; z ranges from about 6 to about 24; and y ranges from about 18 to about 80.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyoxometalate is a hexametalate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyoxometalate is a Keggin anion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 4 wherein said polyoxometalate is H 4 [PVMo 11 O 40 ] which contains a Keggin anion.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 4 wherein said polyoxometalate is H 5 [PV 2 Mo 10 O 40 ] which contains a Keggin anion.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 6 wherein said polyoxometalate is (NH 4 ) 6 [P 2 Mo 18 O 62 ] which contains a Dawson anion.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyoxometalate is a Dawson anion.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said activated carbon has a BET surface area of from about 100 m 2 /g to about 2000 m 2 /g.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said activated carbon has a BET surface area of from about 500 m 2 /g to about 1500 m 2 /g.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyoxometalate is absorbed by said activated carbon up to about forty weight percent, based on the total weight of said improved electrode.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
35 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein said polyoxometalate is absorbed by said activated carbon from about five weight percent to about twenty-five weight percent, based on the total weight of said improved electrode.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
43 words
An energy storage device comprising a pair of electrodes electrically isolated from each other, an electrolyte in contact with the electrodes, and means for collecting electrical current therefrom; at least one electrode comprising an activated carbon electrode having a polyoxometalate compound absorbed therein.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
43 words
An energy storage device comprising a pair of electrodes electrically isolated from each other, an electrolyte in contact with the electrodes, and means for collecting electrical current therefrom; at least one electrode comprising an activated carbon electrode having a polyoxometalate compound absorbed therein.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
195 words
The energy storage device in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyoxometalate compound is represented by the formula: A.sub.a [L.sub.l M.sub.m J.sub.z O.sub.y ] wherein A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the Group I-A to VIII-A or I-B to VII-B elements, the rare earths and actinides, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkyl phosphonium and alkyl arsonium; L is at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Group III-B to VII-B elements; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group I-A to IV-A metals, Group VII-A to II-B metals, the rare earths and actinides; and J is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group V-A metals and Group VI-A metals; and wherein a is a number which when multiplied by the valence of A will balance the charge on the polyoxometalate complex within the brackets; l is a number ranging from zero to about 20; m is a number ranging from zero to about 20; z is a number ranging from about 1 to about 50; and y is a number ranging from about 7 to about 150.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
98 words
The energy storage device in accordance with claim 11 wherein L is at least one element of the group consisting of P, As, Si, Al, H, Ge, Ga and B; M is at least one element of the group Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Zr and Re; and J is at least one metal of the group consisting of Mo, W and V; and wherein l ranges from zero to about 4; m ranges from zero to about 6; z ranges from about 6 to about 24; and y ranges from about 24 to about 80.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
The energy storage device in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyoxometalate is a hexametalate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
The energy storage device in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyoxometalate is a Keggin anion.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
The energy storage device in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyoxometalate is a Dawson anion.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
33 words
The energy storage device in accordance with claim 13 wherein said polyoxometalate is absorbed by said activated carbon up to about forty weight percent, based on the total weight of said improved electrode.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electric double layer capacitor comprising a housing, at least one pair of spaced activated carbon electrodes in the housing, an electrolyte in contact with said electrodes, and an ionically conductive separator interposed between said electrodes and in contact therewith, the electrodes comprising activated carbon having a polyoxometalate compound absorbed therein.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electric double layer capacitor comprising a housing, at least one pair of spaced activated carbon electrodes in the housing, an electrolyte in contact with said electrodes, and an ionically conductive separator interposed between said electrodes and in contact therewith, the electrodes comprising activated carbon having a polyoxometalate compound absorbed therein.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
193 words
The capacitor in accordance with claim 20 wherein said polyoxometalate compound is represented by the formula: A.sub.a [L.sub.l M.sub.m J.sub.z O.sub.y ] wherein A is at least one ion selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, the Group I-A to VIII-A or I-B to VII-B elements, the rare earths and actinides, ammonium, alkyl ammonium, alkyl phosphonium and alkyl arsonium; L is at least one element selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and Group III-B to VII-B elements; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group I-A to IV-A metals, Group VII-A to II-B metals, the rare earths and actinides; and J is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group V-A metals and Group VI-A metals; and wherein a is a number which when multiplied by the valence of A will balance the charge on the polyoxometalate complex within the brackets; l is a number ranging from zero to about 20; m is a number ranging from zero to about 20; z is a number ranging from about 1 to about 50; and y is a number ranging from about 7 to about 150.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
98 words
The capacitor in accordance with claim 21 wherein L is at least one element of the group consisting of P, As, Si, Al, H, Ge, Ga and B; M is at least one element of the group consisting of Zn, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Zr and Re; and J is at least one metal of the group consisting of Mo, W and V; and wherein l ranges from zero to about 4; m ranges from zero to about 6; z ranges from about 6 to about 24; and y ranges from about 18 to about 80.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
13 words
The capacitor in accordance with claim 20 wherein said polyoxometalate is a hexametalate.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
The capacitor in accordance with claim 20 wherein said polyoxometalate is a Keggin anion.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
14 words
The capacitor in accordance with claim 20 wherein said polyoxometalate is a Dawson anion.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-12-29 | 1990-06-30 | 1990-12-30 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-12-29 | 1994-06-30 | 1994-12-30 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-12-29 | 1998-06-30 | 1998-12-30 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |