Hydrocarbon cracking process

Claim 2

In a hydrocarbon cracking process in which solid particles capable of promoting the cracking of a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock in intimate admixture with a minor amount of discrete entities effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process and having a composition different than said solid particles are circulated between at least one reaction zone wherein said feedstock is contacted with said solid particles and discrete entities at hydrocarbon cracking conditions to convert at least a portion of said feedstock and form sulfur-containing deposits on said solid particles, and at least one regeneration zone wherein at least a portion of said deposits is removed from said solid particles to produce regenerated solid particles which are circulated to said reaction zone and sulfur oxides; said discrete entities comprising at least one metal-containing component capable of associating with at least one sulfur oxide at the conditions present in said regeneration zone and of disassociating with said sulfur oxide at the conditions present in said reaction zone; the improvement comprising contacting said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities with at least one gaseous reducing medium prior to said solid particles and discrete entities entering said reaction zone thereby increasing the disassociation of said sulfur oxides from said discrete entities, provided that said solid particles and said discrete entities are present in separate particles and substantially all of said gaseous reducing medium entering said reaction zone with said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities.

Claim 3

The process of claim 1 wherein a major portion by weight of said solid particles have diameters in the range of about 10 microns to about 250 microns.

Claim 4

The process of claim 1 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 50%.

Claim 5

The process of claim 2 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 50%.

Claim 6

The process of claim 1 wherein said discrete entities comprise at least one additional metal component capable of oxidizing SO 2 to SO 3 at the conditions present in said regeneration zone.

Claim 7

The process of claim 1 wherein said feedstock and said solid particles and discrete entities flow substantially in one direction through said reaction zone.

Claim 8

The process of claim 5 wherein said additional metal component is associated with at least one inorganic oxide.

Claim 9

The process of claim 1 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 70%.

Claim 10

The process of claim 1 wherein said discrete entities comprise magnesium-aluminum spinel-containing composition having a surface area in the range of about 25 m 2 /gm. to about 600 m 2 /gm.

Claim 11

The process of claim 9 wherein said discrete entities further comprise at least one additional metal component capable of promoting the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 at the conditions present in said regeneration zone.

Claim 12

The process of claim 1 wherein said solid particles and discrete entities are present in said reaction zone in the fluidized state and said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities flow from said regeneration zone to said reaction zone through at least one transfer line and said regenerated solid particles are contacted with at least one of steam or a gaseous non-reducing medium selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof in said transfer line to aid in fluidizing said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities.

Claim 13

The process of claim 9 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 50%.

Claim 14

The process of claim 10 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 70%.

Claim 15

The process of claim 10 wherein said solid particles and discrete entities are present in said reaction zone in the fluidized state and said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities flow from said regeneration zone to said reaction zone through at least one transfer line and said regenerated solid particles are contacted with at least one of steam or a gaseous non-reducing medium selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof in said transfer line to aid in fluidizing said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities.

Claim 16

The process of claim 1 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 17

The process of claim 2 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 18

The process of claim 2 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 19

The process of claim 5 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 20

The process of claim 9 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 21

The process of claim 10 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 22

The process of claim 1 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 23

The process of claim 2 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 24

The process of claim 2 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 25

The process of claim 5 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 26

The process of claim 9 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 27

The process of claim 10 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 28

The process of claim 7 wherein said additional metal component comprises a rare earth metal component.

Claim 29

The process of claim 10 wherein said additional metal component comprises at least one cerium component.

Claim 30

In a hydrocarbon cracking process in which solid particles capable of promoting the cracking of a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock in intimate admixture with a minor amount of discrete entities effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process and having a composition different than said solid particles are circulated between at least one reaction zone wherein said feedstock is contacted with said solid particles and discrete entities at hydrocarbon cracking conditions to convert at least a portion of said feedstock and form sulfur-containing deposits on said solid particles, and at least one regeneration zone wherein at least a portion of said deposits is removed from said solid particles to produce regenerated solid particles which are circulated to said reaction zone and sulfur oxides; said discrete entities comprising at least one metal-containing component capable of associating with at least one sulfure oxide at the conditions present in said regeneration zone and of disassociating with said sulfur oxide at the conditions present in said reaction zone; the improvement comprising contacting said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities with at least one gaseous reducing medium prior to said solid particles and discrete entities entering said reaction zone thereby increasing the disassociation of said sulfur oxides from said discrete entities, provided that said solid particles and said discrete entities are present in combined particles, said discrete entities comprise at least one rare earth metal component capable of promoting the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 at the conditions present in said regeneration zone and substantially all of said gaseous reducing medium entering said reaction zone with said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities.

Claim 31

In a hydrocarbon cracking process in which solid particles capable of promoting the cracking of a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstock in intimate admixture with a minor amount of discrete entities effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process and having a composition different than said solid particles are circulated between at least one reaction zone wherein said feedstock is contacted with said solid particles and discrete entities at hydrocarbon cracking conditions to convert at least a portion of said feedstock and form sulfur-containing deposits on said solid particles, and at least one regeneration zone wherein at least a portion of said deposits is removed from said solid particles to produce regenerated solid particles which are circulated to said reaction zone and sulfur oxides; said discrete entities comprising at least one metal-containing component capable of associating with at least one sulfure oxide at the conditions present in said regeneration zone and of disassociating with said sulfur oxide at the conditions present in said reaction zone; the improvement comprising contacting said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities with at least one gaseous reducing medium prior to said solid particles and discrete entities entering said reaction zone thereby increasing the disassociation of said sulfur oxides from said discrete entities, provided that said solid particles and said discrete entities are present in combined particles, said discrete entities comprise at least one rare earth metal component capable of promoting the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 at the conditions present in said regeneration zone and substantially all of said gaseous reducing medium entering said reaction zone with said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities.

Claim 32

The process of claim 29 wherein a major portion by weight of said solid particles have diameters in the range of about 10 microns to about 250 microns.

Claim 33

The process of claim 29 wherein a major portion by weight of said solid particles have diameters in the range of about 10 microns to about 250 microns.

Claim 34

The process of claim 29 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 50%.

Claim 35

The process of claim 29 wherein said feedstock and said solid particles and discrete entities flow substantially in one direction through said reaction zone.

Claim 36

The process of claim 29 wherein said rare earth metal component is associated with at least one inorganic oxide.

Claim 37

The process of claim 29 wherein said discrete entities comprise magnesium-aluminum spinel-containing composition having a surface area in the range of about 25 m 2 /gm. to about 600 m 2 /gm.

Claim 38

The process of claim 35 wherein said solid particles and discrete entities are present in said reaction zone in the fluidized state and said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities flow from said regeneration zone to said reaction zone through at least one transfer line and said regenerated solid particles are contacted with at least one of steam or a gaseous non-reducing medium selected from the group consisting of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and mixtures thereof in said transfer line to aid in fluidizing said regenerated solid particles and discrete entities.

Claim 39

The process of claim 35 wherein said discrete entities are effective to reduce atmospheric emissions of sulfur oxides from said process by at least about 50%.

Claim 40

The process of claim 29 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 41

The process of claim 35 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof.

Claim 42

The process of claim 29 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 43

The process of claim 35 wherein said gaseous reducing medium is selected from hydrocarbons containing 1 to about 5 carbon atoms per molecule and mixtures thereof.

Claim 44

The process of claim 29 wherein said rare earth metal component comprises cerium.

Claim 45

The process of claim 35 wherein said rare earth metal component comprises cerium.