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US4609479A
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Organic titanium compositions and their use as cross-linkers
Assignee: EIDP Inc
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Filing: 1984-10-09
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Granted: 1986-09-02
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Expires: 2004-10-09
Abstract
Abstract A process which comprises combining a polyol, water and an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid, and then reacting that combination of materials with a tetravalent titanium compound of an inorganic acid at an acid:titanium mol ratio between about 1:1 and about 3:1 and a polyol:titanium mol ratio between about 0.25:1 and about 2:1, the products formed thereby and their use in fluid-fracturing subterranean oil- and gas-containing formations.
Inventors
- 👤 Kenneth C. Smeltz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 23:39
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K8/00; C09K8/60; C09K8/62; C09K8/66; C09K8/68; C09K8/685; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S507/00; Y10S507/903; Y10S507/922
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 46
Claim 1
Independent Claim
95 words
A process which comprises combining a polyol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, monosaccharides, and disaccharides, water and an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, saccharic acid, gluconic acid, glyceric acid and mandelic acid, and then reacting that combination of materials with a tetravalent titanium compound of an inorganic acid at an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid:titanium mol ratio between about 1:1 and aout 3:1 and a polyol:titanium mol ratio between about 0.25:1 and about 2:1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
95 words
A process which comprises combining a polyol selected from the group consisting of glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, monosaccharides, and disaccharides, water and an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, saccharic acid, gluconic acid, glyceric acid and mandelic acid, and then reacting that combination of materials with a tetravalent titanium compound of an inorganic acid at an α-hydroxy carboxylic acid:titanium mol ratio between about 1:1 and aout 3:1 and a polyol:titanium mol ratio between about 0.25:1 and about 2:1.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the water content is such as to provide a water:titanium mol ratio between about 36:1 and 60:1.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said acid is lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, citric acid, or tartaric acid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said polyol is glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, or myo-inositol.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said polyol is sorbitol.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said acid is lactic acid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 6 wherein said polyol is sorbitol.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 7 wherein said titanium salt is TiCl 4 .
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 8 wherein the mol ratio of lactic acid:sorbitol:titanium is 1:0.5:1.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 9 wherein the water content is such as to provide a water:titanium mol ratio between about 45:1 and 47:1.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 2 wherein said acid is malic acid.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
10 words
The process of claim 11 wherein said polyol is sorbitol.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 12 wherein said salt is TiCl 4 .
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 13 wherein the malic acid:sorbitol:titanium mol ratio is 1:1:1.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 13 wherein the water content is such as to provide a water:titanium mol ratio between about 49:1 and 51:1.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 1.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 2.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 3.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 4.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 5.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 6.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 7.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 8.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 9.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 10.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 11.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 12.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 13.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 14.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
11 words
The composition produced in accordance with the process of claim 15.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 16.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 17.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
48 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein a cross-linked gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 18.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
48 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein a cross-linked gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 19.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous crossed-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 20.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
49 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 21.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 22.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 23.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 24.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 25.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 26.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 27.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 28.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 29.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
50 words
In a hydraulic fracturing process wherein an aqueous cross-linked polysaccharide gel is introduced into a subterranean oil- or gas-containing formation at a flow rate and pressure sufficient to create or extend one or more fractures therein, the improvement comprising effecting cross-linking of the gel with the composition of claim 30.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-09-01 | 1990-03-03 | 1990-09-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-09-01 | 1994-03-03 | 1994-09-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-09-01 | 1998-03-03 | 1998-09-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |