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US4590608A
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Topographic feature extraction using sensor array system
Assignee: United States Department of the Army
•
Filing: 1980-05-30
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Granted: 1986-05-20
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Expires: 2000-05-30
Abstract
Abstract A method and apparatus for topographic feature extraction by masking a video signal representation of an optical image using a two-dimension Walsh function is disclosed. The optical energy of an image is converted into a video signal. A Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh is generated. The video signal is multiplied with the Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of the image. The method and apparatus can further include providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographic features. A selected topographical feature can be detected by comparing the Walsh transform coefficients signal with the selected topographical feature signals. The Walsh transform coefficients signal is unique to the selected topographical feature being detected.
Inventors
- 👤 Pi-Fuay Chen
- 👤 William W. Seemuller
- 👤 Frederick W. Rohde
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 07:04
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06V; G06V10/00; G06V10/40; G06V10/42; G06V10/431
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 112
Claim 1
Independent Claim
89 words
Apparatus comprising: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with the equation: ##EQU2## where: a(i,j) is said Walsh transform coefficients signal; i and j indicate the order of said Walsh function signal; and n and m are integers; and f(k,1) is said video signal; and c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficient signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
89 words
Apparatus comprising: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with the equation: ##EQU2## where: a(i,j) is said Walsh transform coefficients signal; i and j indicate the order of said Walsh function signal; and n and m are integers; and f(k,1) is said video signal; and c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficient signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
157 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said generating means comprises: control signal means for providing a modified clock signal, an end of line signal, and an end of frame signal under effective control of said converting means; X Walsh function generator means responsive to said modified clock signal and said end of line signal for providing a first pair of output signals; X decoder means responsive to said first pair of output signals and said end of frame signal for providing an X Walsh signal; Y Walsh function generator means responsive to said end of line signal and said end of frame signal for providing a second pair of output signals; Y decoder means responsive to said second pair of output signals for providing a Y Walsh signal; and exclusive OR means having inputs responsive to said X Walsh signal and said Y Walsh signal, respectively, for providing at an output said Walsh function signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said multiplying means includes a plurality of electronic gates.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
203 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said multiplying means includes: modified clock means under control of said converting means for providing a modified clock signal; first NAND gate means responsive to said modified clock signal, said video signal and said Walsh function signal to provide a first digital signal; first counter means responsive to said first digital signal for supplying a first counter signal in accordance with a count of said first digital signal; first digital to analog converter means responsive to said first counter signal for providing an analog version of said first counter signal; second NAND gate means responsive to said modified clock signal, said video signal and said Walsh function signal to provide a second digital signal; second counter means responsive to said second digital signal for supplying a second counter signal in accordance with a count of said second digital signal; second digital to analog converter means responsive to said second counter signal for providing an analog version of said second counter signal; and differential amplifier means responsive to said first and second counter signals for providing as an output said Walsh transform coefficients signal in accordance with the difference between said first and second counter signals.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
52 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 4, further comprising: means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and binary to analog converter means responsive to said Walsh transform coefficients signal and said selected topographical features signals to detect a selected topographical feature.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
68 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 1. wherein said converting means comprises: a. sensor array means having a two-dimension array of pixel detector elements for providing said video signal; b. illuminating means for providing optical energy; c. a photo-transparency disposed so that said optical energy passing therethrough generates an optical image; and d. imaging means for focusing said optical image onto said two-dimension array of pixel detector elements.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein said pixel detector elements have substantially the same area.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 6, wherein said illuminating means is a source providing substantially white
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
100 words
Apparatus, which comprises: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image; d. means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and e. means for detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
100 words
Apparatus, which comprises: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image; d. means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and e. means for detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said generating means, said multiplying means, said providing means, and said detecting means are provided by a computer under stored program control.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said converting means supplies said video signal in accordance with a two dimension analog array of pixels.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said converting means includes means for digitizing said video signal to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein said converting means further includes means for thresholding said video signal to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 13, further comprising means responsive to said video signal for outputting said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said detecting means is a binary to analog correlator having inputs responsive to said Walsh transform coefficients signal and said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
67 words
A method comprising the steps of: a. converting optical energy of an image into a video signal using a sensor array with a two-dimensional analog array of pixels; b. generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
67 words
A method comprising the steps of: a. converting optical energy of an image into a video signal using a sensor array with a two-dimensional analog array of pixels; b. generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said video signal is digitized to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 17, wherein said video signal corresponding to said two-dimension digital array of pixels is thresholded to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
Themethod as recited in claim 18, further comprising the step of outputting said video signal corresponding to said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 19, further comprising the step of storing said video signal corresponding to said two-dimensional binary array of pixels.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as recited in claim 20, wherein said step of storing utilizes an electronic memory.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said selected topographical features are substantially linear.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 18, wherein said tresholding is performed at a selected signal value to reduce image background noise.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 23, wherein said video signal of step c is in accordance with said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 24, wherein said two-dimension Walsh function of step b has at least two orders.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
68 words
The method as recited in claim 25, wherein said multiplying of step c is performed by multiplying said video signal in accordance with said two-dimension binary array pixels by said Walsh function signal in accordance with each of said orders of said two-dimension Walsh function to provide said Walsh transform coefficients signal having a Walsh transform coefficients signal having a Walsh transform coefficient for each of said orders.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as recited in claim 26, further comprising the step of normalizing each of said Walsh transform coefficients of said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 26, further comprising the step of outputting said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as recited in claim 26, wherein said Walsh transform coefficients of said Walsh transform coefficients signal are arranged in a two-dimension array format.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
91 words
A method comprising the steps of: a. converting an optical image into a video signal; b. generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image; d. providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and e. detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
91 words
A method comprising the steps of: a. converting an optical image into a video signal; b. generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image; d. providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and e. detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method as recited in claim 30, wherein step a is performed by using an area sensor array having optical energy of an image from an illuminated transparency focused on the detecting surface thereof.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 31, wherein said optical energy of step a is substantially in the visible range.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as recited in claim 31, wherein said area sensor array supplies said video signal in accordance with a two dimensional analog array of pixels.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 33, wherein said two-dimensions of said two-dimension Walsh function are substantially equal in number to the two-dimensions of said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 33, wherein said video signal is digitized to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 35, wherein said video signal corresponding to said two-dimension digital array of pixels is thresholded to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 36, wherein said thresholding is performed at a selected signal level to reduce image background noise.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 36, wherein said video signal of step c is in accordance with said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method as recited in claim 38, wherein step c provudes said Walsh transform coefficients signal in accordance with ##EQU3## where: a(i,j) is said Walsh transform coefficients signal; i and j indicate the order of said two-dimension Walsh function; n and m are integers; and f(k,1) is said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
74 words
The method as recited in claim 38, wherein said two-dimension Walsh function has at least two orders; and wherein said multiplying of step c is performed by multiplying said video signal in accordance with said two-dimension binary array of pixels by said Walsh function signal in accordance with each of said orders of said two-dimension Walsh function to provide said Walsh transform coefficients signal having a Walsh transform coefficient for each of said orders.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method as recited in claim 36, wherein said two-dimension Walsh function has at least two orders.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 30 further comprising the step of normalizing said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 30, further comprising the step of storing in an electronic memory said video signal.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 30, further comprising the step of outputting said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as recited in claim 30, wherein step e is performed by a binary-analog correlator.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as recited in claim 30, wherein steps b and e are performed by a computer under stored program control.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method as recited in claim 46, wherein said computer is digital.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
117 words
Apparatus, which comprises: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal including (1) sensor array means having a two-dimension array of pixel detector elements for providing said video signal, (2) illuminating means for providing optical energy, (3) a photo-transparency disposed so that said optical energy passsing therethrough generates an optical image, and (4) imaging means for focusing said optical image onto said two-dimension array of pixel detector elements; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; and c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
117 words
Apparatus, which comprises: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal including (1) sensor array means having a two-dimension array of pixel detector elements for providing said video signal, (2) illuminating means for providing optical energy, (3) a photo-transparency disposed so that said optical energy passsing therethrough generates an optical image, and (4) imaging means for focusing said optical image onto said two-dimension array of pixel detector elements; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; and c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, wherein said pixel detector elements have substantially the same area.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
18 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, wherein said illuminating means is a source providing substantially white light.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, wherein said generating means and said multiplying means are provided by a computer under stored program control.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
12 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 61, wherein said computer is digital.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
51 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 46, wherein said Walsh transform coefficients signal is in accordance with the equation: ##EQU4## where: a(i,j) is said Walsh transform coefficients signal; i and j indicate the order of said Walsh function signal; and n and m are integers; and k(f,1) is said video signal.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
157 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, wherein said generating means comprises: control signal means for providing a modified clock signal, an end of line signal, and an end of frame signal under effective control of said converting means; X Walsh function generator means responsive to said modified clock signal and said end of line signal for providing a first pair of output signals; X decoder means responsive to said first pair of output signals and said end of frame signal for providing an X Walsh signal; Y Walsh function generator means responsive to said end of line signal and said end of frame signal for providing a second pair of output signals; Y decoder means responsive to said second pair of output signals for providing a Y Walsh signal; and exclusive OR means having inputs responsive to said X Walsh signal and said Y Walsh signal, respectively, for providing at an output said Walsh function signal.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
17 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, wherein said multiplying means includes a plurality of electronic gates.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
203 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, wherein said multiplying means includes: modified clock means under control of said converting means for providing a modified clock signal; first NAND gate means responsive to said modified clock signal, said video signal and said Walsh function signal to provide a first digital signal; first counter means responsive to said first digital signal for supplying a first counter signal in accordance with a count of said first digital signal; first digital to analog converter means responsive to said first counter signal for providing an analog version of said first counter signal; second NAND gate means responsive to said modified clock signal, said video signal and said Walsh function signal to provide a second digital signal; second counter means responsive to said second digital signal for supplying a second counter signal in accordance with a count of said second digital signal; second digital to analog converter means responsive to said second counter signal for providing an analog version of said second counter signal; and differential amplifier means responsive to said first and second counter signals for providing as an output said Walsh transform coefficients signal in accordance with the difference between said first and second counter signals.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
52 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 56, further comprising: means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and binary to analog converter means responsive to said Walsh transform coefficients signal and said selected topographical features signal to detect a selected topographical feature.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 48, further comprising means responsive to said video signal for storing said video signal.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 58, wherein storing means is an electronic memory.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
48 words
The apparatus of claim 48 further comprising a. means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and b. means for detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 60, wherein said generating means, said multiplying means, said providing means, and said detecting means are providing by a computer under stored program control.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 60, wherein said converting means supplies said video signal in accordance with a two dimension analog array of pixels.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 62, wherein said converting means includes means for digitizing said video signal to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 63, wherein said converting means further includes means for thresholding said video signal to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 64, further comprising means responsive to said video signal for outputting said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
32 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 60, wherein said detecting means is a binary to analog correlator having inputs responsive to said Walsh transform coefficients signal and said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
120 words
Apparatus, which comprises: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image; d. means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and e. means for detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals including a binary to analog correlator having inputs responsive to said Walsh transform coefficents signal and said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
120 words
Apparatus, which comprises: a. means for converting optical energy of an image into a video signal; b. means for generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. means for multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficients signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image; d. means for providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and e. means for detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals including a binary to analog correlator having inputs responsive to said Walsh transform coefficents signal and said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
30 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 67, wherein said generating means, said multiplying means, said providing means, and said detecting means are provided by a computer under stored program control.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 67, wherein said converting means supplies said video signal in accordance with a two dimension analog array of pixels.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 69, wherein said converting means includes means for digitizing said video signal to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 70, wherein said converting means further includes means for thresholding said video signal to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
23 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 71, further comprising means responsive to said video signal for outputting said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 79
Independent Claim
75 words
A method comprising the steps of: a. converting optical energy of an image into a video signal using a sensor array, said sensor providing said video signal in accordance with a two-dimension analog array of pixels b. generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficient signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 80
Independent Claim
75 words
A method comprising the steps of: a. converting optical energy of an image into a video signal using a sensor array, said sensor providing said video signal in accordance with a two-dimension analog array of pixels b. generating a Walsh function signal in accordance with a two-dimension Walsh function; c. multiplying said video signal with said Walsh function signal to produce a Walsh transform coefficient signal indicative of the decomposed spectral components of said image.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as recited in claim 73, wherein said optical energy of step a is substantially in the visible light range.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 74, wherein said video signal is digitized to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 75, wherein said video signal corresponding to said two-dimension digital array of pixels is thresholded to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 76, further comoprising the step of outputting said video signal corresponding to said twp-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 77, further comprising the step of storing said video signal corresponding to said two-dimensional binary array of pixels.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as recited in claim 78, wherein said step of storing utilizes an electronic memory.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 76, wherein said thresholding is performed at a selected signal value to reduce image background noise.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 80, wherein said video signal of step c is in accordance with said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 81, wherein said two-dimension Walsh function of step b has at least two orders.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
68 words
the method as recited in claim 82, wherein said multiplying of step c is performed by multiplying said video signal in accordance with said two-dimension binary array pixels by said Walsh function signal in accordance with each of said orders of said two-dimension Walsh function to provide said Walsh transform coefficients signal having a Walsh transform coefficients signal having a Walsh transform coefficient for each of said orders.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as recited in claim 83, further comprising the step of normalizing each of said Walsh transform coefficients of said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 83, further comprising the step of outputting said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method as recited in claim 83, wherein said Walsh transform coefficients of said Walsh transform coefficients signal are arranged in a two-dimension array format.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
47 words
The method of claim 73 further comprising the steps of: a. providing selected topographical feature signals in accordance with the Walsh transform coefficients of selected topographical features; and b. detecting a selected topographical feature by comparing said Walsh transform coefficients signal with said selected topographical feature signals.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method as recited in claim 87, wherein step a is performed by using an area sensor array having optical energy of an image from an illuminated transparency focused on the detecting surface thereof.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 88, wherein said optical energy of step a is substantially in the visible range.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as recited in claim 88, wherein said area sensor array supplies said video signal in accordance with a two dimensional analog array of pixels.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 90, wherein said two-dimensions of said two-dimension Walsh function are substantially equal in number to the two-dimensions of said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 90, wherein said video signal is digitized to produce a corresponding two-dimension digital array of pixels.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method as recited in claim 92, wherein said video signal corresponding to said two-dimension digital array of pixels is thresholded to produce a corresponding two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method as recited in claim 93, wherein said thresholding is performed at a selected signal level to reduce image background noise.
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method as recited in claim 93, wherein said video signal of step c is in accordance with said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method as recited in claim 95, wherein step c provides said Walsh transform coefficients signal in accordance with ##EQU5## where: a(i,j) is said Walsh transform coefficients signal; i and j indicate the order of said two-dimension Walsh function; n and m are integers; and f(k,1) is said two-dimension binary array of pixels.
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
74 words
The method as recited in claim 95, wherein said two-dimension Walsh function has at least two orders; and wherein said multiplying of step c is performed by multiplying said video signal in accordance with said two-dimension binary array of pixels by said Walsh function signal in accordance with each of said orders of said two-dimension Walsh function to provide said Walsh transform coefficients signal having a Walsh transform coefficient for each of said orders.
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method as recited in claim 93, wherein said two-dimension Walsh function has at least two orders.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 87 further comprising the step of normalizing said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as recited in claim 87, further comprising the step of storing in an electronic memory said video signal.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 87, further comprising the step of outputting said Walsh transform coefficients signal.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method as recited in claim 87, wherein step e is performed by a binary-analog correlator.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method as recited in claim 87, wherein steps b and e are performed by a computer under stored program control.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method as recited in claim 103, wherein said computer is digital.
Claim 112
Independent Claim
15 words
The method as recited in claim: 87, wherein said selected topographical features are substantially linear.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-05-19 | 1989-11-18 | 1990-05-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-05-19 | 1993-11-18 | 1994-05-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-05-19 | 1997-11-18 | 1998-05-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |