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US4590294A
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Proton-catalyzed reactions catalyzed by hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clays
Assignee: BP PLC
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Filing: 1985-08-12
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Granted: 1986-05-20
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Expires: 2005-08-12
Abstract
Abstract The invention relates to the use of hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clays in organic reactions which are catalyzed by protons. Such organic reactions include the production of ethers by the reaction of an alcohol with an olefin or an olefin oxide, the production of an ether by the reaction of a primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol or an olefin oxide, the production of an alkyl aromatic compound by the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin or a C 2 or higher alcohol and the production of an alcohol by the hydration of an olefin.
Inventors
- 👤 James A. Ballantine
- 👤 Reginald Gregory
- 👤 John H. Purnell
- 👤 John M. Thomas
- 👤 David J. Westlake
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 10:16
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C67/00; C07C67/08; B; B01; B01J; B01J21/00; B01J21/16; C07C209/00; C07C209/64; C07C41/00; C07C41/01; C07C41/02; C07C41/03; C07C41/05; C07C41/06; C07C41/09; C07C45/00; C07C45/61; C07C45/67; C07C45/68; C07C45/72; C07C45/74; C07C67/24; C07C67/26; C07D; C07D295/00; C07D295/02; C07D295/023; C07D317/00; C07D317/08; C07D317/10; C07D317/14; C07D319/00; C07D319/10; C07D319/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
101 words
A process for the production of an ester comprising reacting an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, hex-1-ene, hept-1-ene, oct-1-ene 4-methylpent-1-ene, hex-2-ene, 1,5-hexadiene and cyclohexene, with a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, and isobutyric acid at an elevated temperature, and using as an essential catalyst component a hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay, selected from the group consisting of bentonite, and montmorillonite, and wherein the hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay is ion-exchanged under conditions which do not break down the layered structure of the clay, and said clay having been separated from the ion-exchange media.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
101 words
A process for the production of an ester comprising reacting an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene, hex-1-ene, hept-1-ene, oct-1-ene 4-methylpent-1-ene, hex-2-ene, 1,5-hexadiene and cyclohexene, with a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, propionic acid, and isobutyric acid at an elevated temperature, and using as an essential catalyst component a hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay, selected from the group consisting of bentonite, and montmorillonite, and wherein the hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay is ion-exchanged under conditions which do not break down the layered structure of the clay, and said clay having been separated from the ion-exchange media.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said catalyst is bentonite, said olefin is ethylene, said carboxylic acid is acetic acid, and said ester is ethyl acetate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
32 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay is activated before said reaction by heating same in air at a temperature up to 180° C.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay is ion-exchanged at a temperature up to 35° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
76 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay is prepared from a cation-exchangeable layered clay by contacting the clay at ambient temperature with an aqueous solution of a mineral acid, separating the exchanged layered clay from the aqueous solution, washing the exchanged layered clay to remove extraneous acid and cations and drying the hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clay at an elevated temperature such that the layered structure of the clay is preserved.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the layered clay is a bentonite.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the olefin is reacted with the carboxylic acid in the liquid phase.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the catalyst is montmorillonite, the olefin is ethylene, the carboxylic acid is acetic acid and the ester is ethyl acetate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the olefin is contained in a mixture of olefins as obtained from the steam cracking of hydrocarbons.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
A process as claimed in claim 1 when carried out continuously.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
GB905854A
Cited
US4278820A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-05-19 | 1989-11-18 | 1990-05-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-05-19 | 1993-11-18 | 1994-05-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-05-19 | 1997-11-18 | 1998-05-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |