Patent US4585716A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4585716A
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Cell corrosion reduction
Assignee: Duracell Inc USA
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Filing: 1985-08-12
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Granted: 1986-04-29
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Expires: 2005-08-12
Abstract
Abstract Corrosion is reduced in aqueous electrochemical cells having zinc anodes by utilizing mercury amalgamated discrete single crystal zinc particles to which small amounts of one or more of indium, thallium, gallium, bismuth, cadmium, tin and lead have been added or prealloyed with the zinc, prior to formation of the single crystal particles. A synergistically lowered rate of corrosion and cell gassing is obtained even with reduction of mercury content.
Inventors
- 👤 Purush Chalilpoyil
- 👤 Jesse R. Rea
- 👤 Frank E. Parsen
- 👤 Chih-Chung Wang
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 10:10
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/62; H01M4/628; H01M4/36; H01M4/38; H01M6/00; H01M6/04; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T29/00; Y10T29/49; Y10T29/49002; Y10T29/49108
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
63 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and an aqueous electrolyte characterized in that said anode is comprised of particles of discrete single crystals of anode metal and one or more members of the group consisting of indium, cadmium, gallium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead, wherein said one or more members are present in said anode in a range of 25-5000 ppm.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
63 words
An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode and an aqueous electrolyte characterized in that said anode is comprised of particles of discrete single crystals of anode metal and one or more members of the group consisting of indium, cadmium, gallium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead, wherein said one or more members are present in said anode in a range of 25-5000 ppm.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
38 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said one or more members are alloyed with said anode metal, prior to formation of said discrete single crystal particles, whereby said one or more members form part of said single crystal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
48 words
The cell of claim 2 wherein said anode metal is zinc and said one or more members are selected from the group consisting of indium, gallium and lead and wherein said discrete single crystal particles are amalgamated with mercury in amounts of up to 4% by weight thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said range is between 100-1000 ppm.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
11 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said anode further comprises mercury.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The cell of claim 5 wherein said anode is comprised of discrete single crystal anode metal particles and one or more members of the group consisting of indium, thallium, gallium and lead.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The cell of claim 6 wherein said anode is comprised of discrete single crystal anode metal particles and indium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
11 words
The cell of claim 6 wherein said anode metal is zinc.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
The cell of claim 5 wherein said electrolyte is comprised of an alkaline solution.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The cell of claim 5 wherein said mercury is present in said anode in amounts of up to 4% by weight thereof.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The cell of claim 10 wherein said mercury is present in said anode in amounts of up to 1.5% by weight thereof.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for making an aqueous electrochemical cell subject to reduced gassing said method comprising the steps of making discrete individual single crystal particles of the metal utilized as the active anode of said cell, adding one or more additives selected from the group consisting of indium, cadmium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead to said single crystal particles, and utilizing said single crystal particles with said one or more additives as the anode of said cell.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
76 words
A method for making an aqueous electrochemical cell subject to reduced gassing said method comprising the steps of making discrete individual single crystal particles of the metal utilized as the active anode of said cell, adding one or more additives selected from the group consisting of indium, cadmium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead to said single crystal particles, and utilizing said single crystal particles with said one or more additives as the anode of said cell.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said discrete individual single crystal particles with said one or more additives are amalgamated with mercury.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
99 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said discrete individual single crystal metal particles are made by alloying polycrystalline zinc and one or more members of the group consisting of indium, cadmium, gallium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead; forming individual thin oxide coatings on the polycrystalline zinc alloy particles by oxidation of said polycrystalline zinc alloy particles in air at a temperature below the melting point of said zinc alloy; heating of said zinc alloy particles in an inert atmosphere above the melting point of said zinc alloy; slow cooling of the zinc alloy particles and removal of said coatings.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
71 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said discrete individual single crystal metal particles are made by forming individual thin oxide coatings on polycrystalline metal particles by oxidation of said polycrystalline metal particles in air at a temperature below the melting point of said metal, heating of said metal particles in an inert atmosphere above the melting point of said metal, slow cooling of the metal particles and removal of said coatings.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 15 wherein said metal is zinc.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said single crystal zinc particles with said one or more additives are amalgamated with mercury.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 17 wherein said one or more additives comprise from 25-5000 ppm of said anode.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 18 wherein said one or more additives comprise from 100-1000 ppm.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 19 wherein said single crystal zinc particles are alloyed with one or more additives of the group consisting of indium, thallium, gallium and lead.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 20 wherein said mercury is present in said anode in amounts of up to 4% by weight thereof.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said mercury is present in said anode in amounts of up to 1.5% by weight thereof.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 20 wherein said one or more additives are plated on said single crystal zinc particles prior to amalgamation of said particles with mercury.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 20 wherein said one or more additives are admixed with said mercury prior to amalgamation of said single crystal zinc particles with said mercury.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
63 words
A composition of matter suitable for use in making an anode of an aqueous electrochemical cell with reduced gassing, said composition comprising discrete individual single crystal metal particles and one or more members of the group consisting of indium, cadmium, gallium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead, wherein said one or more members are present in said anode in a range of 25-5000 ppm.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
63 words
A composition of matter suitable for use in making an anode of an aqueous electrochemical cell with reduced gassing, said composition comprising discrete individual single crystal metal particles and one or more members of the group consisting of indium, cadmium, gallium, thallium, bismuth, tin and lead, wherein said one or more members are present in said anode in a range of 25-5000 ppm.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
The composition of matter of claim 25 wherein said discrete individual single crystal metal particles are amalgamated with mercury.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of matter of claim 26 wherein said metal is zinc.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of matter of claim 27 wherein said mercury is present in amounts up to 4% by weight thereof and said one or more members comprise from 100 to 1000 ppm of said composition.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of matter of claim 28 wherein said one or more members are selected from the group consisting of indium, thallium, gallium and lead.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electrochemical cell subject to reduced gassing comprising an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, a cathode and an anode comprised of mercury amalgamated single crystal zinc particles and indium with said mercury comprising up to 4% by weight of said anode and said indium comprising from 100 to 1000 ppm of said anode.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
51 words
An electrochemical cell subject to reduced gassing comprising an aqueous alkaline electrolyte, a cathode and an anode comprised of mercury amalgamated single crystal zinc particles and indium with said mercury comprising up to 4% by weight of said anode and said indium comprising from 100 to 1000 ppm of said anode.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
35 words
The cell of claim 30 wherein said mercury comprises up to 1.5% by weight of said anode, said cathode is comprised of manganese dioxide and said aqueous electrolyte is comprised of a potassium hydroxide solution.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell of claim 10 wherein said anode is comprised of single crystal zinc particles, mercury and lead.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method of claim 21 wherein said anode is comprised of single crystal zinc particles, mercury and lead.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of matter of claim 29 wherein said one or more members is lead.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-10-28 | 1990-04-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1993-04-28 | 1993-10-28 | 1994-04-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1997-04-28 | 1997-10-28 | 1998-04-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |