US4582576A — Plating bath and method for electroplating tin an…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 162 words

An aqueous tin, lead, or tin-lead alloy plating bath free of fluoride and fluoborates comprising (A) at least one bath-soluble metal salt selected from the group consisting of a stannous salt, a lead salt, or a mixture of stannous and lead salts, (B) at least one alkane sulfonic acid or alkanol sulfonic acid, (C) at least one nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant, (D) an effective amount of at least one primary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenones, and carbonyl compounds having the general formula Ar--C(H)═C(H)--C(O)--CH.sub.3 (III) wherein Ar is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, thiophenyl or furyl group, and (E) an effective amount of a secondary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic aldehydes and substituted olefins of the formula ##STR21## wherein R 1 is a carboxy, carboxamide, alkali metal carboxylate, ammonium carboxylate, amine carboxylate or allyl carboxylate, and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 162 words

An aqueous tin, lead, or tin-lead alloy plating bath free of fluoride and fluoborates comprising (A) at least one bath-soluble metal salt selected from the group consisting of a stannous salt, a lead salt, or a mixture of stannous and lead salts, (B) at least one alkane sulfonic acid or alkanol sulfonic acid, (C) at least one nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant, (D) an effective amount of at least one primary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenones, and carbonyl compounds having the general formula Ar--C(H)═C(H)--C(O)--CH.sub.3 (III) wherein Ar is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, thiophenyl or furyl group, and (E) an effective amount of a secondary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic aldehydes and substituted olefins of the formula ##STR21## wherein R 1 is a carboxy, carboxamide, alkali metal carboxylate, ammonium carboxylate, amine carboxylate or allyl carboxylate, and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 29 words

The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the bath-soluble metal salts (A) comprise the salts of at least one alkane sulfonic acid or alkanol sulfonic acid and mixtures thereof.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 61 words

The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the alkane sulfonic acid and alkanol sulfonic acid are characterized by the following formulae ##STR22## respectively where R is an aliphatic group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, n is from 0 to about 10, m is from 1 to about 11, and the sum of m+n is up to about 12.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 13 words

The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the primary brightening agent is naphthaldehyde.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 15 words

The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the primary brightening agent is a benzylidine acetone.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 16 words

The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the secondary brightening agent is a lower aliphatic aldehyde.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 42 words

The plating bath of claim 1 wherein the secondary brightening agent is a substituted olefin of Formula IV wherein R 1 is a carboxy group and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 238 words

An aqueous plating bath for electrodeposition of a tin, lead or tin-lead alloy, which plating bath is free of fluoride and fluoborates and comprises (A) from about 0.5 to about 350 grams per liter of at least one stannous ion, lead ion or mixture of stannous and lead ions (B) from about 10 to about 500 grams per liter of at least one alkane sulfonic acid having the general formula RSO.sub.3 H (I) or an alkanol sulfonic acid of the general formula ##STR23## wherein R is an aliphatic group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is from 0 to about 10, m is from 1 to about 11 and the sum of m+n is up to about 12, (C) from about 0.01 to about 50 grams per liter of at least one nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant, (D) an effective amount of at least one primary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of naphthaldehyde and carbonyl compounds having the general formula Ar--C(H)═C(H)--C(O)--CH.sub.3 (III) wherein Ar is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, thiophenyl or furyl group, and (E) an effective amount of a secondary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic aldehydes and substituted olefins of the formula ##STR24## wherein R 1 is a carboxy, carboxamide, alkali metal carboxylate, ammonium carboxylate, amine carboxylate or allyl carboxylate, and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 238 words

An aqueous plating bath for electrodeposition of a tin, lead or tin-lead alloy, which plating bath is free of fluoride and fluoborates and comprises (A) from about 0.5 to about 350 grams per liter of at least one stannous ion, lead ion or mixture of stannous and lead ions (B) from about 10 to about 500 grams per liter of at least one alkane sulfonic acid having the general formula RSO.sub.3 H (I) or an alkanol sulfonic acid of the general formula ##STR23## wherein R is an aliphatic group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, n is from 0 to about 10, m is from 1 to about 11 and the sum of m+n is up to about 12, (C) from about 0.01 to about 50 grams per liter of at least one nonionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant, (D) an effective amount of at least one primary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of naphthaldehyde and carbonyl compounds having the general formula Ar--C(H)═C(H)--C(O)--CH.sub.3 (III) wherein Ar is a phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, thiophenyl or furyl group, and (E) an effective amount of a secondary brightening agent selected from the group consisting of lower aliphatic aldehydes and substituted olefins of the formula ##STR24## wherein R 1 is a carboxy, carboxamide, alkali metal carboxylate, ammonium carboxylate, amine carboxylate or allyl carboxylate, and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 26 words

The plating bath of claim 8 wherein the primary brightening agent is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 grams per liter.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 26 words

The plating bath of claim 8 wherein the secondary brightening agent is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20 grams per liter.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 14 words

The plating bath of claim 8 wherein the primary brightening agent is a naphthaldehyde.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 16 words

The plating bath of claim 8 wherein the second primary brightening agent is a benzylidine acetone.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 16 words

The plating bath of claim 8 wherein the secondary brightening agent is a lower aliphatic aldehyde.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 45 words

The plating bath of claim 8 wherein the secondary brightening agent is at least one substituted olefin represented by Formula IV wherein R 1 is a carboxy group, and R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 27 words

The method of electrodepositing a bright tin, lead or tin-lead alloy on a substrate which comprises electroplating said substrate in the aqueous plating bath of claim 1.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 28 words

The method of electrodepositing a bright tin, lead or tin-lead alloy on a substrate which comprises electroplating said substrate in the aqueous acidic plating bath of claim 8.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 13 words

The method of claim 16 wherein the primary brighening agent is a naphthaldehyde.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 15 words

The method of claim 16 wherein the secondary brightening agent is a lower aliphatic aldehyde.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 42 words

The method of claim 17 wherein the secondary brightening agent is a substituted olefin of Formula IV wherein R 1 is a carboxylic acid or ester and R 2 R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl groups.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1989-04-14	1989-10-14	1990-04-15	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1993-04-14	1993-10-14	1994-04-15	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1997-04-14	1997-10-14	1998-04-15	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Plating bath and method for electroplating tin and/or lead

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