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US4581236A
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Process and apparatus for reduction of alcohol by dialysis in fermented beverages
Assignee: Microdyn Modulbau GmbH and Co KG
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Filing: 1984-04-02
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Granted: 1986-04-08
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Expires: 2004-04-02
Abstract
Abstract Fermented beverages of a reduced alcohol contents are made by causing the fermented beverage having a normal alcohol contents as produced in the fermentation to flow along one face of a dialysis membrane at a pressure differential below 5.0 bar while simultaneously a dialysate liquid which is substantially alcohol-free is passed along the other face of the dialysate membrane. An apparatus for carrying out the process comprises a housing in which two separate chambers are provided. Each chamber has separate inlet and outlet ducts. The inlet ducts are connected to separate feeding devices for liquids. Separate regulating devices are arranged for regulating the flow through each of said two chambers and means are provided for regulating the pressure differential between the two chambers.
Inventors
- 👤 Werner Bandel
- 👤 Franz J. Schmitz
- 👤 Karl Ostertag
- 👤 Friedrich Garske
- 👤 Hans G. Breidohr
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 21:32
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01D; B01D61/00; B01D61/58; B01D61/24; B01D61/243; C; C12; C12H; C12H3/00; C12H3/04; B01D2311/00; B01D2311/06; B01D61/14; B01D61/145
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
133 words
A process for producing a fermented beverage having a reduced alcohol content, comprising: (a) producing a fermented beverage of normal ethyl alcohol content, (b) introducing said fermented beverage into a first dialysis chamber, said first chamber being separated from a second dialysis chamber by a dialysis membrane which is substantially less permeable to sugars in said fermented beverage than to ethyl alcohol, (c) introducing a substantially alcohol-free dialysate liquid, miscible with said fermented beverage, into said second chamber, and (d) causing said fermented beverage and said dialysate liquid to flow along opposite faces of said dialysis membrane at a pressure differential below 5.0 bar, a portion of the ethyl alcohol content of said fermented beverage passing through said dialysis membrane into said dialysate liquid without substantial permeation of said sugars through said membrane.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
133 words
A process for producing a fermented beverage having a reduced alcohol content, comprising: (a) producing a fermented beverage of normal ethyl alcohol content, (b) introducing said fermented beverage into a first dialysis chamber, said first chamber being separated from a second dialysis chamber by a dialysis membrane which is substantially less permeable to sugars in said fermented beverage than to ethyl alcohol, (c) introducing a substantially alcohol-free dialysate liquid, miscible with said fermented beverage, into said second chamber, and (d) causing said fermented beverage and said dialysate liquid to flow along opposite faces of said dialysis membrane at a pressure differential below 5.0 bar, a portion of the ethyl alcohol content of said fermented beverage passing through said dialysis membrane into said dialysate liquid without substantial permeation of said sugars through said membrane.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the dialysate liquid, except for its alcohol content, is of substantially the same composition as said fermented beverage.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the dialysate liquid contains the same low molecular extractive matter as present in the fermented beverage so as to prevent an excessive amount of extractive matter from passing with the alcohol through the membrane into the dialysate liquid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the pressure differential between the fermented beverage and the dialysate liquid is less than 1.0 bar.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the pressure differential between the fermented beverage and the dialysate liquid is less than 0.5 bar.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the pressure differential between the fermented beverage and the dialysate liquid is less than 0.1 bar.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the fermented beverage is subjected to a limited ultrafiltration step in addition to dialysis.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 7, wherein the ultrafiltration step is effected as a step separate from said dialysis.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 8, wherein the ultrafiltration step is carried out subsequent to the dialysis.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claim 7, wherein the ultrafiltration step is effected by increasing the differential pressure from a preceding lower pressure to a pressure between 0.5 and 5.0 bar.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 7, wherein the ultrafiltration step is effected through use of a membrane having an ultrafiltration rate of 7 to 30 ml/m 2 mm Hg.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the dialysis membrane has a lower permeability for molecules of a molecular weight of more than 100 then for molecules of a molecular weight of less than 100.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claim 1, wherein alcohol accumulated in the dialysate liquid is removed in an aftertreatment by adsorption, extraction, reverse osmosis or distillation.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 13, wherein dialysate liquid from which alcohol has been removed is recirculated into the second chamber.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
60 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said fermented beverage contains an amount of carbon dioxide and pressure of the dialysis is above 9 saturation pressure of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the fermented beverage to keep the carbon dioxide in solution at said faces of the membrane and to prevent gas formation upon permeation of carbon dioxide through the membrane.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 15, wherein the dialysate liquid contains an amount of carbon dioxide which corresponds to the amount of carbon dioxide in the fermented beverage.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the fermented beverage is a beer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said dialysis membrane is substantially impermeable to molecules of a molecular weight greater than 100.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 1, where said dialysis membrane is substantially impermeable to sugars.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said dialysate liquid comprises water and said fermented beverage is selected from the group consisting of beer, wine, fruit wine and champagne.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said dialysate liquid is derived from a liquid having substantially the same composition as said fermented beverage, and has a reduced alcohol content in comparison to said normal ethyl alcohol content of said fermented beverage.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said dialysate liquid is caused to flow in a direction opposite to a direction of flow of said fermented beverage.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
139 words
A process for producing a fermented beverage having a reduced alcohol content, comprising: (a) producing a fermented beverage of normal ethyl alcohol content, (b) introducing said fermented beverage into a first dialysis chamber, said first chamber being separated from a second dialysis chamber by a dialysis membrane which is substantially impermeable to molecules of a molecular weight of about 100 and greater and is substantially less permeable to sugars in said fermented beverage than to ethyl alcohol, (c) introducing a substantially alcohol-free dialysate liquid, miscible with said fermented beverage, into said second chamber, and (d) causing said fermented beverage and said dialysate liquid to flow along opposite faces of said dialysis membrane at a pressure differential below 5.0 bar, a portion of the ethyl alcohol content of said fermented beverage passing through said dialysis membrane into said dialysate liquid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
139 words
A process for producing a fermented beverage having a reduced alcohol content, comprising: (a) producing a fermented beverage of normal ethyl alcohol content, (b) introducing said fermented beverage into a first dialysis chamber, said first chamber being separated from a second dialysis chamber by a dialysis membrane which is substantially impermeable to molecules of a molecular weight of about 100 and greater and is substantially less permeable to sugars in said fermented beverage than to ethyl alcohol, (c) introducing a substantially alcohol-free dialysate liquid, miscible with said fermented beverage, into said second chamber, and (d) causing said fermented beverage and said dialysate liquid to flow along opposite faces of said dialysis membrane at a pressure differential below 5.0 bar, a portion of the ethyl alcohol content of said fermented beverage passing through said dialysis membrane into said dialysate liquid.
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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