Twin aperture phased array lens antenna

Claim 2

A lens antenna configured to have ample and readily accessible space for components and to be amenable to cooling, comprising: a lens having a pair of faces disposed substantially at a right angle to each other but tilted back; a set of radiating elements on each of the faces, each set of radiating elements being adapted to form antenna beams when energized; feed system means for energizing the sets of radiating elements; a pair of feed horns, one feed horn adjacent each face of the lens for energizing the respective set of radiating elements; and an array of modular means interconnecting the radiating elements on one face of the lens with the radiating elements on the other face of the lens and responsive to the energizing of the radiating elements on one of the faces for collecting the energy from the radiating elements on the one face and for feeding the collected energy to the radiating elements on the other face.

Claim 3

In combination with the lens antenna recited in claim 1: a second lens antenna as recited in claim 1, the second lens antenna being positioned back-to-back with the first lens antenna, in order to scan 360° in azimuth.

Claim 4

The lens antenna recited in claim 1 wherein each of the module means includes: a controllable phase-shifter for causing the antenna beams to be formed in a direction normal to an induced phase front.

Claim 5

The lens antenna recited in claim 3 wherein each of the module means includes: a transmitting amplifier.

Claim 6

The lens antenna recited in claim 4 wherein each of the module means includes: a receiving amplifier.

Claim 7

A lens antenna configured to have ample and readily accessible space for components and to be amenable to cooling, comprising: a lens having a pair of faces disposed substantially at a right angle to each other but tilted back; a set of radiating elements on each of the faces, each set of radiating elements being adapted to form antenna beams when energized; a pair of feed horns, one feed horn adjacent each face of the lens for energizing the respective set of radiating elements; and an array of modular means interconnecting the radiating elements on one face of the lens with the radiating elements on the other face of the lens, each modular means including, a controllable phase-shifter for causing the antenna beams to be formed in a direction normal to an induced phase front; a transmitting amplifier; a receiving amplifier; routing means for collecting energy and providing a selectively closable path for the collected energy through the transmitting amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on one face of the lens to the radiating elements on the other face of the lens to form an antenna beam and through the receiving amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on the other face of the lens to the radiating elements on the one face of the lens when intercepting an antenna beam, and for collecting energy and providing a selectively closable path for the collected energy through the transmitting amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on the other face of the lens to the radiating elements on the one face of the lens to form an antenna beam and through the receiving amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on the one face of the lens to the radiating elements on the other face of the lens when intercepting an antenna beam.

Claim 8

A lens antenna configured to have ample and readily accessible space for components and to be amenable to cooling, comprising: a lens having a pair of faces disposed substantially at a right angle to each other but tilted back; a set of radiating elements on each of the faces, each set of radiating elements being adapted to form antenna beams when energized; a pair of feed horns, one feed horn adjacent each face of the lens for energizing the respective set of radiating elements; and an array of modular means interconnecting the radiating elements on one face of the lens with the radiating elements on the other face of the lens, each modular means including, a controllable phase-shifter for causing the antenna beams to be formed in a direction normal to an induced phase front; a transmitting amplifier; a receiving amplifier; routing means for collecting energy and providing a selectively closable path for the collected energy through the transmitting amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on one face of the lens to the radiating elements on the other face of the lens to form an antenna beam and through the receiving amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on the other face of the lens to the radiating elements on the one face of the lens when intercepting an antenna beam, and for collecting energy and providing a selectively closable path for the collected energy through the transmitting amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on the other face of the lens to the radiating elements on the one face of the lens to form an antenna beam and through the receiving amplifier and phase-shifter from energized radiating elements on the one face of the lens to the radiating elements on the other face of the lens when intercepting an antenna beam.

Claim 9

In combination with the lens antenna recited in claim 6: a second lens antenna as recited in claim 6, the second lens antenna being positioned back-to-back with the first lens antenna, in order to scan 360° in azimuth.

Claim 10

The lens antenna recited in claim 6 wherein the routing means includes: a pair of three-port circulators.

Claim 11

The lens antenna recited in claim 8 wherein the routing means includes: a reversing-switch having a first pair of contacts respectively connected to the two faces of the lens and a second pair of contacts connected respectively to a first port of one of the circulators and by way of the phase-shifter to a first port of the other circulator.

Claim 12

The lens antenna recited in claim 9 wherein the routing means includes: a first switch connected in series with the receiving amplifier.

Claim 13

The lens antenna recited in claim 10 wherein: the pair of three-port circulators have respective second ports interconnected by the transmitting amplifier and respective third ports interconnected by the series combination of the receiving amplifier and the first switch.

Claim 14

The lens antenna recited in claim 11 wherein the reversing switch includes: a second switch connected by the phase-shifter between one face of the lens and the first port of the other circulator.

Claim 15

The lens antenna recited in claim 12 wherein the reversing-switch includes; a third switch connected between the first port of the one of the circulators and the other face of the lens.

Claim 16

The lens antenna recited in claim 13 wherein the reversing switch includes: a fourth switch connected by the phase-shifter between the other face of the lens and the first port of the other circulator.

Claim 17

A lens antenna configured to have ample and readily accessible space for components and to be amenable to cooling, comprising: a lens having a pair of faces disposed substantially at a right angle to each other but tilted back; a set of radiating elements on each of the faces, each set of radiating elements being adapted to form antenna beams when energized; a pair of feed horns, one feed horn adjacent each face of the lens for energizing the respective set of radiating elements; and an array of modular means interconnecting the radiating elements on one face of the lens with the radiating elements on the other face of lens, each modular means including; a controllable phase-shifter for causing the antenna beams to be formed in a direction normal to an induced phase front; a transmitting amplifier; a receiving amplifier; a first switch in series with the receiving amplifier; a pair of three-port circulators, a second switch connected by the phase-shifter between one face of the lens and a first port of one of the circulators; a third switch connected between a first port of the other circulator and the other face of the lens; a fourth switch connected by the phase-shifter between the other face of the lens and the first port of the one circulator; a fifth switch connected between the first port of the other circulator and the one face of the lens; a pair of three-port circulators having respective second ports interconnected by the transmitting amplifier and respective third ports interconnected by the series combination of the receiving amplifier and the first switch.

Claim 18

A lens antenna configured to have ample and readily accessible space for components and to be amenable to cooling, comprising: a lens having a pair of faces disposed substantially at a right angle to each other but tilted back; a set of radiating elements on each of the faces, each set of radiating elements being adapted to form antenna beams when energized; a pair of feed horns, one feed horn adjacent each face of the lens for energizing the respective set of radiating elements; and an array of modular means interconnecting the radiating elements on one face of the lens with the radiating elements on the other face of lens, each modular means including; a controllable phase-shifter for causing the antenna beams to be formed in a direction normal to an induced phase front; a transmitting amplifier; a receiving amplifier; a first switch in series with the receiving amplifier; a pair of three-port circulators, a second switch connected by the phase-shifter between one face of the lens and a first port of one of the circulators; a third switch connected between a first port of the other circulator and the other face of the lens; a fourth switch connected by the phase-shifter between the other face of the lens and the first port of the one circulator; a fifth switch connected between the first port of the other circulator and the one face of the lens; a pair of three-port circulators having respective second ports interconnected by the transmitting amplifier and respective third ports interconnected by the series combination of the receiving amplifier and the first switch.

Claim 19

In combination with the lens antenna recited in claim 15: a second lens antenna as recited in claim 15, the second lens antenna being positioned back-to-back with the first lens antenna, in order to scan 360° in azimuth.