US4554018A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Production of polymeric thickeners and their use in printing
Assignee: BASF Corp
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Filing: 1984-02-01
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Granted: 1985-11-19
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Expires: 2004-02-01
Abstract
Abstract A thickening agent that is particularly suitable for alkaline print pastes is a water insoluble, water swellable or water swollen polymer made by reverse phase polymerization of a blend of water soluble, copolymerizable monomers in which the monomers comprise at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having free acid groups, at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having salt groups selected from ammonium, amine and alkali metal and at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, the molar proportions of the said free acid groups to the said salt groups during the polymerization being from 80:20 to 10:90.
Inventors
- 👤 Adrian S. Allen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 10:50
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09D; C09D11/00; C09D11/02; C09D11/03; C08; C08F; C08F2/00; C08F2/32; C08F220/00; C08F220/02; C08F220/04; C09D7/00; C09D7/40; C09D7/43; D; D06; D06P; D06P1/00; D06P1/44; D06P1/52; D06P1/5207; D06P1/525; D06P1/5257; C08L; C08L33/00; C08L33/02; C08L33/24; C08L33/26; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S260/00; Y10S260/38
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
93 words
A process in which a water insoluble, water swellable or swollen polymer is made by reverse phase polymerisation of a water soluble blend of copolymerisable monomers and in which the monomers comprise (a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having free acid groups, (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having salt groups selected from ammonium, amine and alkali metal salts, (c) at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, and in which the molar proportions of the said free acid groups to the said salt groups during the polymerisation are 80:20 to 10:90.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
93 words
A process in which a water insoluble, water swellable or swollen polymer is made by reverse phase polymerisation of a water soluble blend of copolymerisable monomers and in which the monomers comprise (a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having free acid groups, (b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated acid having salt groups selected from ammonium, amine and alkali metal salts, (c) at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, and in which the molar proportions of the said free acid groups to the said salt groups during the polymerisation are 80:20 to 10:90.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process according to claim 1 in which each of the acids (a) and (b) are selected from ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic and ethylenically unsaturated sulphonic acids.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 1 in which each of the acids (a) and (b) are selected from acrylic, methacrylic and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the blend of monomers (a) and (b) was obtained by partially neutralising at least one ethylenically unsaturated free acid with an alkali metal compound, an amine compound or an ammonium compound.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the monomers comprise up to 60 mole %, based on the total monomers, of at least one ethylenically unsaturated copolymerisable water soluble monomer that does not contain acid groups in the form of free acid groups or salt groups.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
80 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the monomers consist essentially of (a) a free acid selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, (b) an acid selected from acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and in the form of a salt selected from ammonium, amine and alkali metal salts wherein the molar ratio of free acid: salt is from 80:20 to 10:90, (c) 0 to 3% or 15 to 40% acrylamide, and (d) at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the said molar proportions are from 65:35 to 30:70.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
62 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the amount of ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent is from 2×10 -3 mole % to 150×10 -3 mole % and the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer, in the absence of the cross-linking agent, is from 4 to 20 dl gm -1 measured at 25° C. in 1M sodium chloride aqueous solution buffered at pH 7.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the reverse phase polymerisation process results in the production of a dispersion in oil of aqueous polymer particles and the dispersion is then dehydrated by azeotropic distillation to reduce the water content of the particles to below 25% by weight of polymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the dry size of the particles made by the polymerisation is from 0.1 to 10 μm.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the reverse phase polymerisation is a reverse phase suspension polymerisation process conducted in the presence of a polymeric suspension polymerisation stabiliser.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition comprising water insoluble, water swellable or water swollen polymer particles made by a process according to claim 1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
A composition according to claim 12 in the form of a dispersion of the particles in water immiscible liquid in which the reverse phase polymerisation was conducted.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
38 words
A composition according to claim 12 comprising a dispersion of the particles in a water immiscible liquid in which the polymerisation was conducted and which contains a surfactant for assisting dispersion of the water immiscible liquid into water.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composition according to claim 12 in which the polymer particles contain less than 20% by weight water, based on the polymer and are water swellable.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
32 words
A composition according to claim 12 in which the polymer particles are swollen by water and the composition includes ammonia, amine or alkali metal compound that has been added after the polymerisation.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
45 words
An aqueous composition thickened by the presence therein of water insoluble, water swollen particles that have been made by a process according to claim 1 and in which the composition has a pH such that substantially all the acid groups in the polymer are ionised.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
A composition according to claim 17 having a pH of from 8.5 to 9.5.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
A composition according to claim 17 in the form of a print paste additionally comprising a pigment or dye.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method in which a substrate is printed with an aqueous print paste comprising a pigment or dye and which has been thickened by the presence therein of water insoluble, water swollen particles that have been made by a process according to claim 1.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
81 words
A process in which a water insoluble, water swellable or swollen polymer is made by reverse phase polymerisation of a water soluble blend of copolymerisable monomers and in which the monomers comprise (a) acrylic acid having free acid groups, (b) acrylic acid having ammonium or alkali metal salt groups, (c) at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, and in which the molar proportions of the said free acid groups to the said salt groups during the polymerisation are 80:20 to 10:90.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
81 words
A process in which a water insoluble, water swellable or swollen polymer is made by reverse phase polymerisation of a water soluble blend of copolymerisable monomers and in which the monomers comprise (a) acrylic acid having free acid groups, (b) acrylic acid having ammonium or alkali metal salt groups, (c) at least one ethylenically unsaturated cross-linking agent, and in which the molar proportions of the said free acid groups to the said salt groups during the polymerisation are 80:20 to 10:90.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-11-18 | 1989-05-20 | 1989-11-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-11-18 | 1993-05-20 | 1993-11-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-11-18 | 1997-05-20 | 1997-11-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |