Earth retaining end element for use with overfilled load support structures

Claim 2

An earth retaining end element for retaining earth overfill adjacent to an overfilled load support structure, with the load support structure including an arch element extending upward from foundation level, comprising: (A) a longitudinal extension means having a crown and extending longitudinally from the arch element out of the earth overfill so that the earth overfill forms a toe on top of said longitudinal extension means, with said toe being unrestrained in at least one horizontal direction for permitting essentially unrestrained support of earth overfill on top of the; longitudiinal extension means and (B) a retaining panel means having a height less than the height of the extension means crown above the foundation level and being located adjacent to said longitudinal extension means, said retaining panel means being spaced longitudinally from the arch element to contact the earth overfill at locations spaced from the arch element and resisting horizontal earth pressure at locations spaced from the top of the arch element for resisting horizontal movement of the earth overfill located adjacent to the arch element, whereby the earth overfill is supported without using a spandrel wall or wingwalls.

Claim 3

The earth retaining end element defined in claim 1 wherein said retaining panel means is spaced from said longitudinal extension means a distance far enough to permit a predetermined amount of movement of said longitudinal extension means.

Claim 4

The earth retaining end element defined in claim 1 wherein said longitudinal extension means includes an arch shaped element which forms a continuation of the load support arch element.

Claim 5

The earth retaining end element defined in claim 3 wherein the load support structure includes a plurality of pre-cast reinforced concrete arch-elements and said retaining panel means includes an end edge curved to match the curvature of said arch shaped longitudinal extension means, said end edge being spaced laterally from said longitudinal extension means to define a gap between said longitudinal extension means and said retaining panel means to permit non-destructive movement of said longitudinal extension means.

Claim 6

The end element defined in claim 5 wherein said retaining panel means has a height less than about 2/3 the height of the extension means crown.

Claim 7

The end element defined in claim 5 wherein said longitudinal extension means extends from an adjacent arch element far enough to limit the slope of the earth overfill next to said extension means to less than about 40 degrees.

Claim 8

The end element defined in claim 1 wherein said retaining panel means includes a base means which is buried in the earth overfill for preventing overturning of said retaining panel means by the earth overfill.

Claim 9

An end element for use with an overfilled load support structure which includes an arch element of pre-cast reinforced cementitious material having an inner surface and extending upwardly from a foundation plane and an outer surface, comprising: (A) an end means longitudinally extending out of the earth overfill so the earth overfill forms a toe on top of said end means, with said toe being unrestrained in at least one horizontal direction, said end means including: (1) an inner surface having a shape matching the arch element inner surface and, (2) an outer surface having a shape matching the shape of the arch element outer surface, and (B) an earth retaining means for retaining earth fill adjacent to said end means, said earth retaining means being spaced longitudinally away from the arch element and being mounted adjacent to said end means outer surface and including a body means for resisting horizontal earth pressure directed longitudinally of said end means, said earth retaining means having a height less than the height of said end means said body means including an inner end edge located closely adjacent to said end means outer surface and extending outwardly from said end means outer surface for retaining the earth fill adjacent to the load support structure.

Claim 10

An end element for use with an overfilled load support structure which includes an arch element of pre-cast reinforced cementitious material having an inner surface and extending upwardly from a foundation plane and an outer surface, comprising: (A) an end means longitudinally extending out of the earth overfill so the earth overfill forms a toe on top of said end means, with said toe being unrestrained in at least one horizontal direction, said end means including: (1) an inner surface having a shape matching the arch element inner surface and, (2) an outer surface having a shape matching the shape of the arch element outer surface, and (B) an earth retaining means for retaining earth fill adjacent to said end means, said earth retaining means being spaced longitudinally away from the arch element and being mounted adjacent to said end means outer surface and including a body means for resisting horizontal earth pressure directed longitudinally of said end means, said earth retaining means having a height less than the height of said end means said body means including an inner end edge located closely adjacent to said end means outer surface and extending outwardly from said end means outer surface for retaining the earth fill adjacent to the load support structure.

Claim 11

An end element for use with an overfilled load support structure which includes an arch element of pre-cast reinforced cementitious material and extending upwardly from a ground plane having an inner surface and an outer surface on which earth fill is supported when the arch element is mounted in place, comprising: (A) an end means extending longitudinally out of the earth overfill and from the arch element, the earth overfill on top of said end means forming a toe which is unrestrained in at least one horizontal direction, said end means extending from the arch element far enough so that the earth overfill has a slope less than about 40 degrees, said end means including: (1) an inner surface having a shape matching the shape of the arch element inner surface, and (2) an outer surface having a shape matching the shape of the arch element outer surface, and (B) a retaining panel means for retaining earth fill adjacent to said end means, said retaining panel means being spaced longitudinally from the end of the arch element and being located adjacent to and laterally spaced from said end means outer surface and including a body means for resisting horizontal earth pressure directed longitudinally of said end means, wherein said body means extends upwardly from the ground plane and includes a top edge located to be no higher than the maximum height of the arch element above the foundation plane, said body means also extending laterally outward from said end means outer surface for retaining the earth fill adjacent to the load support structure whereby the earth overfill is supported without a spandrel wall or wingwalls.

Claim 12

An end element for use with an overfilled load support structure which includes an arch element of pre-cast reinforced cementitious material and extending upwardly from a ground plane having an inner surface and an outer surface on which earth fill is supported when the arch element is mounted in place, comprising: (A) an end means extending longitudinally out of the earth overfill and from the arch element, the earth overfill on top of said end means forming a toe which is unrestrained in at least one horizontal direction, said end means extending from the arch element far enough so that the earth overfill has a slope less than about 40 degrees, said end means including: (1) an inner surface having a shape matching the shape of the arch element inner surface, and (2) an outer surface having a shape matching the shape of the arch element outer surface, and (B) a retaining panel means for retaining earth fill adjacent to said end means, said retaining panel means being spaced longitudinally from the end of the arch element and being located adjacent to and laterally spaced from said end means outer surface and including a body means for resisting horizontal earth pressure directed longitudinally of said end means, wherein said body means extends upwardly from the ground plane and includes a top edge located to be no higher than the maximum height of the arch element above the foundation plane, said body means also extending laterally outward from said end means outer surface for retaining the earth fill adjacent to the load support structure whereby the earth overfill is supported without a spandrel wall or wingwalls.