Bleed-off elimination system and method

Claim 2

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additional selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by the combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), the amount of the bleed-off from said system is at most 66% of the bleed-off necessary in the same system without such combination of steps.

Claim 3

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing effective amounts of scale and corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides into the circulating aqueous coolant so as to maintain a concentration of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of scale inhibitors, of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of corrosion inhibitors, and of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of microbiocides.

Claim 4

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing effective amounts of scale and corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides into the circulating aqueous coolant so as to maintain a concentration of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of scale inhibitors, of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of corrosion inhibitors, and of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of microbiocides.

Claim 5

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspension solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) bleed-off from said system is reached to substantially zero.

Claim 6

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspension solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4) bleed-off from said system is reached to substantially zero.

Claim 7

A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is a carboxylic acid type cation exchange resin.

Claim 8

A process according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the aqueous coolant is circulating between a body from which heat is to be removed and a cooling tower where cooling is performed by partial evaporation to provide cooled aqueous coolant.

Claim 9

A process according to claim 5, wherein said removing step is performed by filtering.

Claim 10

A process according to claim 5, further comprising introducing make-up aqueous liquid coolant to replace aqueous liquid coolant lost during said cooling step.

Claim 11

A process according to claim 7, wherein said step of treating aqueous liquid coolant is performed on said make-up aqueous coolant.

Claim 12

A process according to claim 7, wherein said step of treating said aqueous liquid coolant is performed on the aqueous liquid coolant circulating between said body and said cooling tower.

Claim 13

A process according to claim 9, wherein said step of treating said circulating aqueous liquid coolant with said weak acid ion exchange resin is performed in a sidestream of said circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 14

A process according to claim 5, wherein said filtering step is performed by withdrawing a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant, by filtering said portion of said circulating aqueous coolant to provide a purified aqueous liquid coolant, and by returning said purified aqueous liquid coolant to said circulation.

Claim 15

A process according to claim 11, further comprises treating at least a portion of said withdrawn aqueous liquid coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin capable of removing alkaline salts without removing salts of strong acids.

Claim 16

A process according to claim 5, wherein said scale inhibitors is selected from the group consisting of phosphonates, polyacrylate having molecular weights below about 10,000, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 17

A process according to claim 5, wherein said corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of filming-forming polar organic compounds, divalent anions, divalent cations, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 18

A process according to claim 5, wherein said microbiocide is selected from the group consisting of oxidizing microbiocides, non-oxidizing organic microbiocides, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 19

An open circulating heat exchange system comprising a body from which heat is to be removed by a circulating aqueous coolant; a cooling tower; means for circulating the aqueous coolant between said body and said cooling tower; a weak acid ion exchange resin arranged for passage of aqueous coolant therethrough, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is capable of treating all or a portion of the aqueous coolant to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby provide control of the pH of the circulating cooling water, wherein carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step can be removed from the system in said cooling tower; means for removing suspended solids from at least a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant; and means for introducing additives selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and combinations thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 20

An open circulating heat exchange system comprising a body from which heat is to be removed by a circulating aqueous coolant; a cooling tower; means for circulating the aqueous coolant between said body and said cooling tower; a weak acid ion exchange resin arranged for passage of aqueous coolant therethrough, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is capable of treating all or a portion of the aqueous coolant to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby provide control of the pH of the circulating cooling water, wherein carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step can be removed from the system in said cooling tower; means for removing suspended solids from at least a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant; and means for introducing additives selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and combinations thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 21

A system according to claim 16, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is a carboxylic acid type cation exchange resin.

Claim 22

A system according to claim 16 or 17, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is arranged for treating make-up aqueous coolant to be introduced into said system.

Claim 23

A system according to claim 16 or 17, further comprising a means for bleed-off a portion of the aqueous coolant from said system.

Claim 24

A system according to claim 16, wherein said means for removing suspended solids comprise a filter.

Claim 25

A system according to claim 20, further comprising a sidestream of said circulating aqueous coolant, said sidestream including said filter for filtering said circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 26

A system according to claim 16, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is arranged for treating make-up aqueous coolant to be introduced into said system.

Claim 27

A system according to claim 16, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is arranged for treatment of circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 28

A system according to claim 23, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is arranged in a sidestream of said circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 29

A system according to claim 24, wherein a weak acid ion exchange resin is included in said sidestream, either in series with or parallel with said filter.

Claim 30

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by the combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), the amount of the bleed-off from said system is at most 66% of the bleed-off necessary in the same system without such combination of steps.

Claim 31

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by the combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), the amount of the bleed-off from said system is at most 66% of the bleed-off necessary in the same system without such combination of steps.

Claim 32

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing effective amounts of scale and corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides into the circulating aqueous coolant so as to maintain a concentration of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of scale inhibitors, of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of corrosion inhibitors, and of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of microbiocides.

Claim 33

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing effective amounts of scale and corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides into the circulating aqueous coolant so as to maintain a concentration of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of scale inhibitors, of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of corrosion inhibitors, and of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of microbiocides.

Claim 34

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), bleed-off from said system is reduced to substantially zero.

Claim 35

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), bleed-off from said system is reduced to substantially zero.

Claim 36

An open circulating heat exchange system comprising a body from which heat is to be removed by a circulating aqueous coolant; a cooling tower; means for circulating the aqueous coolant between said body and said cooling tower; a weak acid ion exchange resin arranged for passage of aqueous coolant therethrough, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is capable of treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby provide control of the pH of the circulating water without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity, and wherein carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step can be removed from the system in said cooling tower; means for removing suspended solids from at least a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant; and means for introducing additives selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and combinations thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 37

An open circulating heat exchange system comprising a body from which heat is to be removed by a circulating aqueous coolant; a cooling tower; means for circulating the aqueous coolant between said body and said cooling tower; a weak acid ion exchange resin arranged for passage of aqueous coolant therethrough, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is capable of treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby provide control of the pH of the circulating water without the addition of substantial acid to reduce alkalinity, and wherein carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step can be removed from the system in said cooling tower; means for removing suspended solids from at least a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant; and means for introducing additives selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and combinations thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 38

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by the combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), the amount of the bleed-off from said system is at most 66% of the bleed-off necessary in the same system without such combination of steps.

Claim 39

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by the combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), the amount of the bleed-off from said system is at most 66% of the bleed-off necessary in the same system without such combination of steps.

Claim 40

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing effective amounts of scale and corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides into the circulating aqueous coolant so as to maintain a concentration of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of scale inhibitors, of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of corrosion inhibitors, and of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of microbiocides.

Claim 41

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing effective amounts of scale and corrosion inhibitors and microbiocides into the circulating aqueous coolant so as to maintain a concentration of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of scale inhibitors, of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of corrosion inhibitors, and of from about 10 to about 1000 ppm. of microbiocides.

Claim 42

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), bleed-off from said system is reduced to substantially zero.

Claim 43

A process for reducing bleed-off in an open circulating heat exchange system having circulating aqueous coolant, said process comprising the steps of (1) treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant with a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby control the pH of the circulating aqueous coolant; (2) removing suspended solids from the circulating aqueous coolant; (3) removing carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step; and (4) introducing an effective amount of additive selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and mixtures thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant so that, by combination of steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), bleed-off from said system is reduced to substantially zero.

Claim 44

An open circulating heat exchange system comprising a body from which heat is to be removed by a circulating aqueous coolant; a cooling tower; means for circulating the aqueous coolant between said body and said cooling tower; a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin arranged for passage of aqueous coolant therethrough, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is capable of treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby provide control of the pH of the circulating cooling water, and wherein carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step can be removed from the system in said cooling tower; means for removing suspended solids from at least a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant; and means for introducing additives selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and combinations thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant.

Claim 45

An open circulating heat exchange system comprising a body from which heat is to be removed by a circulating aqueous coolant; a cooling tower; means for circulating the aqueous coolant between said body and said cooling tower; a cation exchange resin consisting essentially of a weak acid ion exchange resin arranged for passage of aqueous coolant therethrough, wherein said weak acid ion exchange resin is capable of treating all or a selected portion of the aqueous coolant to remove alkaline salts therefrom without removing salts of strong acids and to produce in situ carbonic acid from bicarbonate hardness in the aqueous coolant and thereby provide control of the pH of the circulating cooling water, and wherein carbon dioxide from the carbonic acid produced in the treating step can be removed from the system in said cooling tower; means for removing suspended solids from at least a portion of said circulating aqueous coolant; and means for introducing additives selected from the group consisting of scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides and combinations thereof into the circulating aqueous coolant.