Patent US4504557A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4504557A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electrical energy storage
Assignee: MB-80 ENERGY Corp A CORP OF TX
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Filing: 1983-08-31
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Granted: 1985-03-12
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Expires: 2003-08-31
Abstract
Abstract Storage of electrical energy in an oxidation-reduction polymer material is optimized when the material is lignin and/or hydrazine is added to the material so as to facilitate bonding of the material to graphite. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes a storage device having an electron acceptor component separated from an electron donor component by a barrier which is impregnated with an electrolyte so as to electrically separate the two components while serving as an ion conduit. At least one of the layers includes an oxidation-reduction polymer material which either is lignin or is mixed with hydrazine, or both. The preferred energy storage material is a mixture of lignin, hydrazine and graphite, the latter being either added to the mixture or formed by graphitization upon heating of the lignin.
Inventors
- 👤 George J. Filatovs
- 👤 John E. McGinness
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 17:42
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M4/60; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 35
Claim 1
Independent Claim
95 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device comprising: a first electrode; a component of electron acceptor material coupled to said first electrode; a second electrode; a component of electron donor material coupled to said second electrode; and ion-conducting solid-state barrier means coupled to both said components of electron acceptor and electron donor material for electrically separating said components and passing ions through said components; wherein at least one of said electron donor material and electron acceptor material includes lignin, an ohmic contact material, and a reducing agent for bonding the lignin to said ohmic contact material.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
95 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device comprising: a first electrode; a component of electron acceptor material coupled to said first electrode; a second electrode; a component of electron donor material coupled to said second electrode; and ion-conducting solid-state barrier means coupled to both said components of electron acceptor and electron donor material for electrically separating said components and passing ions through said components; wherein at least one of said electron donor material and electron acceptor material includes lignin, an ohmic contact material, and a reducing agent for bonding the lignin to said ohmic contact material.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
29 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electron acceptor material includes lignin mixed with a salt, and wherein said electron donor material includes lignin.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
16 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 2 wherein said salt is zinc chloride.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
29 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electron acceptor material includes lignin mixed with a hydrazine, and wherein said electron donor material includes lignin.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 4 wherein said hydrazine is hydrazine-monohydrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 4 wherein said first and second electrodes are graphite.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
33 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 4 wherein said electron acceptor material is a mixture of approximately 1:1.5 by weight of lignin at a pH of approximately 10.6 and hydrazine-monohydrate.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electron acceptor material and said electron donor material are both a mixture of lignin and hydrazine.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
A rechargeable electical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electron acceptor material includes lignin and said electron donor material includes zinc.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
36 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 9 wherein said electron acceptor material includes lignin having a 20% hydration, and wherein said barrier means is a film of plastic material impregnated with zinc sulfate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 9 wherein said electron acceptor material is lignin that has been partially graphitized by heating.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
39 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electron acceptor material is lignin that has been graphitized by heating, and wherein said electron donor material is a mixture formed by heating lignin saturated with ammonia.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
25 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electron acceptor material is a mixture formed by dissolving lignin in methyl alcohol.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 13 wherein said electron donor material is zinc.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said barrier means includes a film of plastic material impregnated with an electrolyte.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is zinc sulfate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said one of said acceptor and donor materials is a mixture of lignin, hydrazine monophosphate and graphite.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 17 wherein the other of said acceptor and donor materials is a mixture of hydrazine monohydrate, diethylamine and hydroquinone.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
28 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said one of said acceptor and donor materials is a mixture of hydrazine monohydrate, diethylamine and hydroquinone.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device according to claim 1 wherein said reducing agent is 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composition of matter comprising a mixture for storing electrical energy, said mixture including lignin polymer material, a hydrazine compound, and graphite.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composition of matter comprising a mixture for storing electrical energy, said mixture including lignin polymer material, a hydrazine compound, and graphite.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
15 words
A composition of matter according to claim 21 wherein said hydrazine compound is hydrazine monohydrate.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
15 words
A composition of matter according to claim 21 wherein said hydrazine compound is hydrazine monophosphate.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition of matter according to claim 21 wherein said polymer material is formed by dissolving lignin in methyl alcohol.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
78 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device comprising: a pair of spaced electrodes; and storage means sandwiched between said electrodes for storing electrical energy in response to passage of electrical current therethrough, said storage means comprising a mixture of: an oxidation reduction polymer material; an ohmic contact material; and reducing agent means for adding electron-repelling groups to the polymer material to render the polymer material more anodic and for facilitating molecular connection between the polymer and ohmic contact materials.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
78 words
A rechargeable electrical energy storage device comprising: a pair of spaced electrodes; and storage means sandwiched between said electrodes for storing electrical energy in response to passage of electrical current therethrough, said storage means comprising a mixture of: an oxidation reduction polymer material; an ohmic contact material; and reducing agent means for adding electron-repelling groups to the polymer material to render the polymer material more anodic and for facilitating molecular connection between the polymer and ohmic contact materials.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
12 words
The device according to claim 25 wherein said polymer material is lignin.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
13 words
The device according to claim 25 wherein said ohmic contact material is graphite.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
15 words
The device according to claim 25 wherein said reducing agent means is a hydrazine compound.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
12 words
The device according to claim 28 wherein said polymer material is lignin.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
13 words
The device according to claim 29 wherein said ohmic contact material is graphite.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
13 words
The device according to claim 28 wherein said ohmic contact material is graphite.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
19 words
The device according to claim 25 wherein said polymer material is lignin and said ohmic contact material is graphite.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
GB1216549A
Cited
US4366216A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-03-11 | 1988-09-10 | 1989-03-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-03-11 | 1992-09-10 | 1993-03-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-03-11 | 1996-09-10 | 1997-03-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |