Patent US4503353A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4503353A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Cut angles for tuning fork type quartz resonators
Assignee: Centre Electronique Horloger SA
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Filing: 1983-07-11
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Granted: 1985-03-05
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Expires: 2003-07-11
Abstract
Abstract Axes X', Y' and Z' of a resonator are established from the axes X, Y and Z of a quartz crystal by virtue of two rotational movements through angles φ and θ, respectively. The resonator is energized to vibrate in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode. The angles of cut φ and θ are such that the first-order temperature coefficient is zero. The torsional mode may be coupled to a flexural mode in order to render the second-order temperature coefficient zero. The fork tines extend in the X' direction. In other embodiments the tines extend in the Y' direction and the rotation φ and θ are about the X and Z' axes, respectively.
Inventors
- 👤 Jean Hermann
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 16:19
CPC Classifications
H; H03; H03H; H03H9/00; H03H9/15; H03H9/21; H03H9/215
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
142 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, said resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70° and 40°<θ<65°.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
142 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, said resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70° and 40°<θ<65°.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The resonator of claim 1, wherein said angles of cut φ and θ are: φ=59° and θ=49°.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
173 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the second-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70 ° and 40°<θ<65°.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
173 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the second-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70 ° and 40°<θ<65°.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
The resonator of claim 3, wherein said angles of cut φ and θ are: φ=59° and θ=49°.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
144 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanicl axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis Y' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70° and 40°<θ<70°.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
144 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanicl axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis Y' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70° and 40°<θ<70°.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
17 words
The resonator of claim 5, wherein the angles of cut φ and θ are: φ=60° and θ=50.5°.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The resonator of claim 5, wherein the angles of cut φ and θ are: φ=61° and θ=57.5°.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
172 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the elecrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the second-order temprature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70° and 40°<θ<70°.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
172 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the elecrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis Y, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said resonator vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the second-order temprature coefficient is substantially zero, the tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the quartz plate and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 50°<φ<70° and 40°<θ<70°.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
17 words
The resonator of claim 8, wherein the angles of cut φ and θ are: φ=60° and θ=50.5°.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
17 words
The resonator of claim 8, wherein the angles of cut φ and θ are: φ=61° and θ=57.5°.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
143 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal, by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: -50°<φ<-32° and θ=±45°.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
143 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal, by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: -50°<φ<-32° and θ=±45°.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
172 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotaion through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X'of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the first-order and second-order temperature coefficients are substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: -50°<φ<-32° and θ=±45°.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
172 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotaion through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X'of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the first-order and second-order temperature coefficients are substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: -50°<φ<-32° and θ=±45°.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
143 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate hving axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 40°<φ<80° and θ=±45°.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
143 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate hving axes X', Y' and Z' and angles of cut φ and θ such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanical axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotation through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 40°<φ<80° and θ=±45°.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
167 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanicl axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotaion through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the first-order and second-order temperature coefficients are substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 40°<φ<80° and θ=±45°.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
167 words
A piezoelectric resonator of the tuning fork type having two tines, the resonator comprising a quartz crystal plate having axes X', Y' and Z' such that the axes X', Y' and Z' are established from the electrical axis X, the mechanicl axis Y and the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal by means of a first rotaion through an angle φ about the axis X, and a second rotation through an angle θ about the axis Z', said tines of the tuning fork being parallel to the axis X' of the plate, the tuning fork vibrating in accordance with the fundamental torsional mode, the angles of cut φ and θ being selected so that the first-order temperature coefficient is substantially zero, the geometrical dimensions of the resonator being selected so that the fundamental torsional mode is coupled to a flexural vibration mode, whereby the first-order and second-order temperature coefficients are substantially zero, and the angles of cut φ and θ being such that: 40°<φ<80° and θ=±45°.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-03-04 | 1988-09-03 | 1989-03-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-03-04 | 1992-09-03 | 1993-03-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-03-04 | 1996-09-03 | 1997-03-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |