US4497596A — Method of minimizing fines migration in a subterr…

Claim 1

Independent Claim 208 words

A method of stabilizing fines within a permeable formation comprising contacting said fines with an effective amount of a polymer having repeating monomer units of the general formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, and preferably propyl; R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or a substituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and containing a hydroxy group or from about 1 to about 3 ether groups, and preferably 2-hydroxypropyl; X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfate, hydroxyl, methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof; m is an integer equal to the number of anions required to maintain electronic neutrality; and, y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units in said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to from about 250 centipoises to about 10,000 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 208 words

A method of stabilizing fines within a permeable formation comprising contacting said fines with an effective amount of a polymer having repeating monomer units of the general formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, and preferably propyl; R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or a substituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and containing a hydroxy group or from about 1 to about 3 ether groups, and preferably 2-hydroxypropyl; X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfate, hydroxyl, methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof; m is an integer equal to the number of anions required to maintain electronic neutrality; and, y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units in said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to from about 250 centipoises to about 10,000 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 26 words

The method recited in claim 1 wherein said fines are selected from the group consisting of silica, iron minerals, alkaline earth metal carbonates, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 11 words

The method recited in claim 2 wherein R 1 is propyl.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 11 words

The method recited in claim 3 wherein R 2 is 2-hydroxypropyl.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 15 words

The method recited in claim 1 wherein said polymer is dispersed in a carrier fluid.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 39 words

The method recited in claim 5 wherein said carrier fluid is aqueous and the concentration of said polymer in said carrier fluid is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 5.0% by volume of said carrier fluid.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 48 words

The method recited in claim 6 wherein said aqueous carrier fluid is a saline solution containing up to 40% by weight of salt wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and ammonium halides, sulfates, carbonates, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 79 words

The method recited in claim 1 wherein y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units of said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to about 5,600 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 13 words

The method recited in claim 8 wherein said organic cationic polymer is: ##STR5##

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 37 words

The method recited in claim 6 wherein the carrier fluid contains from about 0.1 to about 40% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, acetic, formic, citric acid and mixtures thereof.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 10 words

The method recited in claim 1 wherein X is chlorine.

Claim 13

Independent Claim 208 words

A method of stabilizing fines within a consolidated structure comprising contacting said fines with an effective amount of a polymer having repeating monomer units of the general formula: ##STR6## wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, and preferably propyl; R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or a substituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and containing a hydroxy group or from about 1 to about 3 ether groups, and preferably 2-hydroxypropyl; X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfate, hydroxyl, methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof; m is an integer equal to the number of anions required to maintain electronic neutrality; and, y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units of said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to from about 250 centipoises to about 10,000 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 14

Independent Claim 208 words

A method of stabilizing fines within a consolidated structure comprising contacting said fines with an effective amount of a polymer having repeating monomer units of the general formula: ##STR6## wherein R 1 is an alkyl group having from about 2 to about 5 carbon atoms, and preferably propyl; R 2 is an unsubstituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms or a substituted alkyl group having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms and containing a hydroxy group or from about 1 to about 3 ether groups, and preferably 2-hydroxypropyl; X is an anion selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, sulfate, hydroxyl, methyl sulfate and mixtures thereof; m is an integer equal to the number of anions required to maintain electronic neutrality; and, y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units of said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to from about 250 centipoises to about 10,000 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 26 words

The method recited in claim 12 wherein said fines are selected from the group consisting of silica, iron minerals, alkaline earth metal carbonates, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 15 words

The method recited in claim 13 wherein said polymer is dispersed in a carrier fluid.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 39 words

The method recited in claim 14 wherein said carrier fluid is aqueous and the concentration of said polymer in said carrier fluid is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 5.0% by volume of said carrier fluid.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 48 words

The method recited in claim 15 wherein said aqueous carrier fluid is a saline solution containing up to 40% by weight of salt wherein said salt is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and ammonium halides, sulfates, carbonates, and mixtures thereof.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 79 words

The method recited in claim 16 wherein y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units of said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to about 5,600 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 13 words

The method recited in claim 17 wherein said organic cationic polymer is: ##STR7##

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 37 words

The method recited in claim 18 wherein the carrier fluid contains from about 0.1 to about 40% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, acetic, formic, citric acid and mixtures thereof.

Claim 22

Independent Claim 143 words

A method of stabilizing loose silica fines having a diameter of less than 10 microns in a permeable mass having a temperature from about 76° F. to about 560° F. comprising contacting said fines with an effective amount of a polymer having repeating monomer units of the general formula: ##STR8## m is an integer equal to the number of anions required to maintain electronic neutrality; and, y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units of said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to from about 250 centipoises to about 10,000 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Claim 23

Independent Claim 143 words

A method of stabilizing loose silica fines having a diameter of less than 10 microns in a permeable mass having a temperature from about 76° F. to about 560° F. comprising contacting said fines with an effective amount of a polymer having repeating monomer units of the general formula: ##STR8## m is an integer equal to the number of anions required to maintain electronic neutrality; and, y is an integer equal to the number of monomer units of said polymer required to increase the viscosity of deionized water to from about 250 centipoises to about 10,000 centipoises said viscosity of said polymer being measured by adding 40 grams of the polymer to 60 grams of deionized water to form a solution and measuring said viscosity of said solution on a Brookfield Model LVT viscometer, No. 3 spindle, 6 r.p.m. at about 76° F.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1988-02-05	1988-08-06	1989-02-05	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1992-02-05	1992-08-06	1993-02-05	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1996-02-05	1996-08-06	1997-02-05	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Method of minimizing fines migration in a subterranean formation

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