US4496718A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Integrally bonded compositions of cellulosics and products thereof directly from wet sawdust and the like
Assignee: Coalition Technologies Ltd
•
Filing: 1982-07-16
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Granted: 1985-01-29
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Expires: 2002-07-16
Abstract
Abstract At least substantially, if not entirely, undried comminutated fibrous plant cellulosic materials, particularly "wet" sawdust, is made into integrally bonded composition and shaped and fabricated articles therefrom using an inexpensive, exceptionally and adequately hydrophylic binder which under certain conditions and in particularized situations may be prepared with minimized (and sometimes even no or essentially no) artificially-induced thermal drying requirements in or for the production of cohesively-resultant, particulate-containing artificial wood and equivalent products capable of replacing natural stock; the binder constituent for the accomplishment of same being, for example and without limitation(s), ordinary household bleach (i.e., aqueous sodium hypochlorite) composition(s) and its like, more-strongly-concentrated preparations and/or possible equivalents thereof and substitutes therefor such as bleach powder (i.e., calcium hypochlorite), swimming pool chlorine/bromine- and oxygen-release compounds, elemental chlorine and so forth to get a complex carbohydrate break-down resulting in an internally-so-generated hydrophylic, water-absorptive (i.e., actually water-absorbing) and binding adhesive material. The "wet" sawdust or equivalent undried cellulosic raw material may oftentimes with considerable benefit be admixed with certain types of lower carbohydrates, such as plain starch from wheat, corn, soybeans, potatoes, etc., and even sugar, to facilitate the integral bonding effect of being directly converted to a desired shaped-article product. Other functional additives may also be selectively and usefully for certain desired end results be incorporated in the "wet" sawdust and the like compositions and products.
Inventors
- 👤 N. Jerome Rudy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 03:25
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08H; C08H8/00; C08B; C08B15/00; C08B15/02; C08L; C08L97/00; C08L97/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 101
Claim 1
Independent Claim
86 words
A fabrication composition comprising, in admixture: (a) a major proportion of an at least substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including, in particular, "wet" sawdust; plus (b) an effective quantity for reactive conversion and at least partial water-solubilization of at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent capable of destructive attack upon said cellulosic material, which oxidizing reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reactant forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
86 words
A fabrication composition comprising, in admixture: (a) a major proportion of an at least substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including, in particular, "wet" sawdust; plus (b) an effective quantity for reactive conversion and at least partial water-solubilization of at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent capable of destructive attack upon said cellulosic material, which oxidizing reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reactant forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
128 words
A fabrication composition comprising, in admixture: (a) a major proportion of an at least substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including, in particular, "wet" sawdust; (b) a usually minor proportion of lower carbohydrate constituent selected from the Group consisting of starches, sugars and their mixtures; plus (c) an effective quantity for reactive conversion and at least partial water-solubilization of at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) and for reactive transformation of at least a portion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent capable of destructive attack upon both said cellulosic material (a) and said lower carbohydrate constituent (b), which oxidizing reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reactant-forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
128 words
A fabrication composition comprising, in admixture: (a) a major proportion of an at least substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including, in particular, "wet" sawdust; (b) a usually minor proportion of lower carbohydrate constituent selected from the Group consisting of starches, sugars and their mixtures; plus (c) an effective quantity for reactive conversion and at least partial water-solubilization of at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) and for reactive transformation of at least a portion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent capable of destructive attack upon both said cellulosic material (a) and said lower carbohydrate constituent (b), which oxidizing reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reactant-forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
47 words
The composition of claim 1, wherein said cellulosic material (a) is a "wet" sawdust which has a natural moisture content, based on the weight of dry solid materials in said "wet" sawdust, that is between about 40 and about 100 per cent by weight (i.e., "wt. %").
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
72 words
The composition of claim 2, wherein said cellulosic material (a) is a "wet" sawdust which has a natural moisture content, based on the weight of dry solid materials in said "wet" sawdust, that is between about 40 and abouut 100 wt. %; and said usually minor proportion of lower carbohydrate consitituent (b) is in an amount that is between about 1/2 and about 75 wt. % of the total involved composition weight.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
The composition of claim 3, wherein the effective quantity of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is not in substantial excess of one mole of the reagent for each polysaccharide unit in said cellulosic material (a).
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
49 words
The composition of claim 4, wherein the effective quantity of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is not in substantial excess of one mole of the reagent for each unit of both of the polysaccharide units in said cellulosic material (a) and monocarbohydrate units in said lower carbohydrate constituent (b).
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
34 words
A composition in accordance with that of claim 2, wherein said usually minor proportion of lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is in an amount that is not in substantial excess of about 49 wt. %.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
A composition in accordance with that of claim 4, wherein said usually minor proportion of lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is in an amount that is not in substantial excess of about 49 wt. %.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
47 words
A composition in accordance with that of claim 2, wherein said proportion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is comprised of a mixture of a starch and a sugar with the sugar being present in an amount of up to about 25 wt. % of said mixture.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
47 words
A composition in accordance with that of claim 4, wherein said proportion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is comprised of a mixture of a starch and a sugar with the sugar being present in an amount of up to about 25 wt. % of said mixture.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
47 words
A composition in accordance with that of claim 7, wherein said proportion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is comprised of a mixture of a starch and a sugar with the sugar being present in an amount of up to about 25 wt. % of said mixture.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
47 words
A composition in accordance with that of claim 8, wherein said proportion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is comprised of a mixture of a starch and a sugar with the sugar being present in an amount of up to about 25 wt. % of said mixture.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of the composition of claims 1-6, wherein said cellulosic material (a) is a "wet" sawdust.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of the compositions of claims 7-12, wherein said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is a wheat flour.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of the compositions of claims 7-12, wherein said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is a corn starch.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of the compositions of claims 7-12, wherein said lower carbohydrate material is a soya protein flour.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of the compositions of claims 7-12, wherein any sugar in said lower carbohydrate material is sucrose.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
48 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6, wherein the effective quantity of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is between about 0.001 and about 0.3 mole of the reagent for each individual unit present of either polysaccharide or monocarbohydrate, or both, in the composition.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6, wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6, wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is comprised of chlorine.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6, wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is a calcium hypochlorite bleach powder.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6, wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is a chlorosodium salt derivative of cyanuric acid.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
41 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein and combination therewith: (d) a measurable amount of up to about 10 wt. %, based on total composition weight, of Portland cement.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
56 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein and combination therewith: (e) a measurable amount of up to about 5 wt. %, based on total composition weight, of a water-proofing additament selected from the Group consisting of latex(es), low molecular weight waxes and mixtures thereof.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
41 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein said combination therewith: (f) a measurable amount of up to about 10 wt. %, based on total composition weight, of a casein.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein said combination therewith: (g) a cross-linking quantity of elemental sulfur.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
60 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein said combination therewith: (h) a measurable amount of up to about 10 wt. %, based on total composition weight, of a thickening agent selected from the Group consisting of algin, alginates, gelatin, methyl cellulose, natural gums, gum resins and mixtures thereof.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
47 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein and combination therewith: (i) about 1 part by weight of a mineral acid per each 50-1,000 parts by weight of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) in the composition.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
12 words
The composition of claim 28, wherein said mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
43 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 2, 4 or 6, wherein at least a portion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is provided by the residual and natural lower carbohydrate content of said fibrous plant cellulosic material (a).
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
49 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and which is further characterizable in having between about 10 and about 60 wt. % of said fibrous plant cellulosic material (a) rendered more or less water-soluble by the action thereon of said strong oxidizing reagent (c).
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
25 words
The composition of claim 31, wherein between about 20 and about 40 wt. % of said fibrous plant cellulosic material (a) is in water-solubilized form.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
73 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of claims 1-6 and which is further characterizable in containing and having available for integral-bonding purposes an amount that is between about 5 and about 15 wt. %, based on composition weight, of binding material that has been generated by the action of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) on either said fibrous plant cellulosic material (a) or said lower carbohydrate constituent (b), or both.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 33, wherein between about 6 and about 10 wt. % of said internally-generated binding material is present in the composition.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of any one of the compositions in accordance with claims 1-12.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 13.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 14.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article ofmanufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 15.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 16.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 20.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 23.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 24.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
31 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with that of claim 35, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 36, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
28 words
The article of claim 43 having, in a plywood-style of construction, a central integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication faced on at least one major exterior side with a veneer skin.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
33 words
An article in accordance with that of claim 45, wherein said cellulosic fabrication is from a "wet" sawdust that has been treated with a strong oxidizing reagent and said veneer skin is wood.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
28 words
The article of claim 44 having, in a plywood-style of construction, a central integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication faced on at least one major exterior side with a veneer skin.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
33 words
An article in accordance with that of claim 47, wherein said cellulosic fabrication is from a "wet" sawdust that has been treated with a strong oxidizing reagent and said veneer skin is wood.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
153 words
Procedure for making a wood-resembling, fabricated article of manufacture which comprises the Steps of: (I) treating in intimate and thorough leaching admixture capable of individual particle wetting (a) a mass of an at lest substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including "wet" sawdust with (c) a quantity of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent that is in an amount sufficient to react with at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) and which reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reactant-forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof; (II) continuing said treatment of said cellulosic material (a) with said reagent (c) until at least partial water-solubilization of said cellulosic material (a) is achieved; then (III) physically forming said treated mass of the cellulosic material (a) into a desired finished article shape; and finally (IV) curing said finished article shape into an integrally-bonded, cohesive, completed and manufactured structure.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
153 words
Procedure for making a wood-resembling, fabricated article of manufacture which comprises the Steps of: (I) treating in intimate and thorough leaching admixture capable of individual particle wetting (a) a mass of an at lest substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including "wet" sawdust with (c) a quantity of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent that is in an amount sufficient to react with at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) and which reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reactant-forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof; (II) continuing said treatment of said cellulosic material (a) with said reagent (c) until at least partial water-solubilization of said cellulosic material (a) is achieved; then (III) physically forming said treated mass of the cellulosic material (a) into a desired finished article shape; and finally (IV) curing said finished article shape into an integrally-bonded, cohesive, completed and manufactured structure.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
233 words
Procedure for making a wood-resembling, fabricated article of manufacture which comprises the Steps of: (I) treating in intimate and thorough leaching admixture capable of individual particle wetting a mixture of (a) a mass of an at least substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including "wet" sawdust and an included proportion of up to about 75 weight percent (i.e., wt. %), based on total weight of said mixture, of (b) another combined mass of a lower carbohydrate constituent selected from the Group consisting of starches, sugars and their mixtures; with, for the treatment of said mixture (c) a quantity of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent that is in an amount sufficient to react with at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) and at least a portion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) and which reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reatant-forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof; (II) continuing said treatment of said mixture with said reagent (c) until at least partial water-solubilization of said cellulosic material (a) and at least partial reaction of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is achieved; then (III) physically forming said treated mixture mass of the said cellulosic material (a) and the said lower carbohydrate consituent (b) into a desired finished article shape; and finally (IV) curing said finished article shape into an integrally-bonded, cohesive, completed and manufactured structure.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
233 words
Procedure for making a wood-resembling, fabricated article of manufacture which comprises the Steps of: (I) treating in intimate and thorough leaching admixture capable of individual particle wetting a mixture of (a) a mass of an at least substantially undried, particulated, fibrous plant cellulosic material including "wet" sawdust and an included proportion of up to about 75 weight percent (i.e., wt. %), based on total weight of said mixture, of (b) another combined mass of a lower carbohydrate constituent selected from the Group consisting of starches, sugars and their mixtures; with, for the treatment of said mixture (c) a quantity of a strong, non-azotizing oxidizing reagent that is in an amount sufficient to react with at least a portion of said cellulosic material (a) and at least a portion of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) and which reagent is selected from the Group consisting of, nascent-oxidation-reatant-forming chlorine-releasing, bromine-releasing, oxygen-releasing and -providing materials, chlorine, bromine and mixtures thereof; (II) continuing said treatment of said mixture with said reagent (c) until at least partial water-solubilization of said cellulosic material (a) and at least partial reaction of said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is achieved; then (III) physically forming said treated mixture mass of the said cellulosic material (a) and the said lower carbohydrate consituent (b) into a desired finished article shape; and finally (IV) curing said finished article shape into an integrally-bonded, cohesive, completed and manufactured structure.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
15 words
The procedure of claim 49, when and wherein said cellulosic material (a) is "wet" sawdust.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
15 words
The procedure of claim 50, when and wherein said cellulosic material (a) is "wet" sawdust.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
46 words
The procedure of claim 50, when and wherein said combined mass of said lower carbohydrate consituent (b) is an included proportion of between about 1/2 and about 49 wt. %, based on total mixture weight of the involved cellulosic material (a) and lower carbohydrate constituent (b).
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
19 words
Using a "wet" sawdust as the mass of cellulosic material (a) in practice of the procedure of claim 53.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
80 words
The procedure of claim 53, when and wherein said lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is comprised of a mixture of a starch and a sugar with the sugar being present in a measurable amount of up to about 25 wt. % of the lower carbohydrate constituent (b) which lower carbohydrate constituent (b) is an included proportion of between about 1/2 and about 49 wt. %, based on total mixture weight of the involved cellulosic material (a) and lower carbohydrate constituent (b).
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
19 words
Using a "wet" sawdust as the mass of cellulosic material (a) in practice of the procedure of claim 55.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
41 words
The procedure of claim 49, when and wherein the sufficient quantity of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is an amount that is between about 0.001 and about 1 mole of the reagent for each polysaccharide unit in said cellulosic material (a).
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
51 words
The procedure of claim 50, when and wherein the sufficient quantity of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is an amount that is between about 0.001 and about 1 mole of the reagent for each polysaccharide unit in said cellulosic material (a) and each monocarbohydrate unit in said lower carbohydrate constituent (b).
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
17 words
The procedure of claim 49, when and wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is comprised of chlorine.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
20 words
The procedure of claim 49, when and wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
15 words
The procedure of claim 49, when and wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is chlorine.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
17 words
The procedure of claim 50, when and wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is comprised of chlorine.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
20 words
The procedure of claim 50, when and wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
15 words
The procedure of claim 50, when and wherein said strong oxidizing reagent (c) is chlorine.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
54 words
A procedure that is in accordance with any one of the procedures of claims 49-64, inclusive, when and wherein said Step (II) is continued until between about 10 and about 60 wt. % of said cellulosic material (a) is rendered more or less water-soluble by said reaction thereof with said strong oxidizing reagent (c).
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
83 words
A procedure that is in accordance with any one of the procedures of claims 49-64, inclusive, when and wherein said Step (II) is continued until there is generated by said reaction of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) between about 5 and about 15 wt. %, based on total weight of the mass treated, of binding material intrinsically provided by and from transformation of the ingredients of said mass by and as a resultant of the action thereon of said strong oxidizing reagent (c).
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
67 words
A procedure that is in accordnce with any one of the procedures of claims 49-64, inclusive, and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Step of: (II-A) removing from and out of said treated mass, as spent treating liquor effluent, at least a portion of the reacted strong oxidizing reagent (c) remains after the Step II reaction of the reagent with the therewith-treated mass.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
62 words
A procedure that is in accordnce with that of claim 65 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Step of: (II-A) removing from and out of said treated mass, as spent treating liquor effluent, at least a portion of the reacted strong oxidizing reagent (c) remains after the Step II reaction of the reagent with the therewith-treated mass.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
62 words
A procedure that is in accordance with that of claim 66 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Step of: (II-A) removing from and out of said treated mass, as spent treating liquor effluent, at least a portion of the reacted strong oxidizing reagent (c) remains after the Step II reaction of the reagent with the therewith-treated mass.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
129 words
A procedure that is in accordance with any one of the procedures of claims 49-64, inclusive, and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (II-A) removing from and out of said treated mass, as spent treating liquor effluent, at least a portion of the reacted strong oxidizing reagent (c) remains after the Step II reaction of the reagent with the therewith-treated mass; (V) reconstituting by fortification with active oxidizing reagent ingredients said spent treating liquor effluent from said Step II-A to a desired strength at least approximative of the strength of the original strong oxidizing reagent (c); then (VI) re-using at least a portion of said reconstituted spent treating liquor from said Step V by recycle thereof into and for said Step I treatment.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
124 words
A procedure that is in accordance with that of claim 65 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (II-A) removing from and out of said treated mass, as spent treating liquor effluent, at least a portion of the reacted strong oxidizing reagent (c) remains after the Step II reaction of the reagent with the therewith-treated mass; (V) reconstituting by fortification with active oxidizing reagent ingredients said spent treating liquor effluent from said Step II-A to a desired strength at least approximative of the strength of the original strong oxidizing reagent (c); then (VI) re-using at least a portion of said reconstituted spent treating liquor from said Step V by recycle thereof into and for said Step I treatment.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
124 words
A procedure that is in accordnce with that of claim 66 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (II-A) removing from and out of said treated mass, as spent treating liquor effluent, at least a portion of the reacted strong oxidizing reagent (c) remains after the Step II reaction of the reagent with the therewith-treated mass; (V) reconstituting by fortification with active oxidizing reagent ingredients said spent treating liquor effluent from said Step II-A to a desired strength at least approximative of the strength of the original strong oxidizing reagent (c); then (VI) re-using at least a portion of said reconstituted spent treating liquor from said Step V by recycle thereof into and for said Step I treatment.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
77 words
A procedure that is in accordance with any one of the procedures of claims 49-64, inclusive, and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (VII) conducting said physical forming Step III and said curing Step IV with exertion of compacting, compressive pressure on said treated mixture mass; and the (VIII) carrying-out of said curing Step IV with the facilitation of non-decomposing heat at an elevated temperature applied to said finished article shape.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
72 words
A procedure that is in accordance with that of claim 65 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (VII) conducting said physical forming Step III and said curing Step IV with exertion of compacting, compressive pressure on said treated mixture mass; and the (VIII) carrying-out of said curing Step IV with the facilitation of non-decomposing heat at an elevated temperature applied to said finished article shape.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
72 words
A procedure that is in accordance with that of claim 66 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (VII) conducting said physical forming Step III and said curing Step IV with exertion of compacting, compressive pressure on said treated mixture mass; and the (VIII) carrying-out of said curing Step IV with the facilitation of non-decomposing heat at an elevated temperature applied to said finished article shape.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
72 words
A procedure that is in accordance with that of claim 68 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (VII) conducting said physical forming Step III and said curing Step IV with exertion of compacting, compressive pressure on said treated mixture mass; and the (VIII) carrying-out of said curing Step IV with the facilitation of non-decomposing heat at an elevated temperature applied to said finished article shape.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
72 words
A procedure that is in accordance with that of claim 69 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Steps of: (VII) conducting said physical forming Step III and said curing Step IV with exertion of compacting, compressive pressure on said treated mixture mass; and the (VIII) carrying-out of said curing Step IV with the facilitation of non-decomposing heat at an elevated temperature applied to said finished article shape.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
93 words
A procedure that is in accordance with either one of the procedures of claim 49 or claim 50 and including in complement thereto and further combination therewith the additional Step of: (II-A) thoroughly interblending with the treated mass from Step II and prior to commencement of said Step III (i) a measurable proportion of an untreated "wet" cellulosic material, which proportion is not in substantial excess of about 3 parts by weight (i.e., "pbw") of said untreated "wet" cellulosic material for each pbw of treated "wet" cellulosic material (a) included in said interblending.
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
21 words
The procedure of claim 78, when and wherein both the untreated and treated cellulosic materials (i) and (a) are "wet" sawdust.
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
27 words
The procedure of claim 78, when and wherein the pbw ratio of untreated "wet" cellulosic material (i) to treated "wet" cellulosic material (a) is respectively about 1:1.
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
27 words
The procedure of claim 80, when and wherein untreated "wet" sawdust and treated "wet" sawdust are used for the interblending of said Step II-B in practice thereof.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
66 words
A composition that is in accordance with either one of those of claim 1 or claim 2 and containing, in additional compositional admixture therein and combination therewith: (i) a measurable proportion of an untreated "wet" cellulosic material, which proportion is not in substantial excess of about 3 pbw of said untreated "wet" cellulosic material for each pbw of treated "wet" cellulosic material (a) in the composition.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
23 words
The composition of claim 82, wherein both the untreated "wet" cellulosic material (i) and the treated "wet" cellulosic material (a) are "wet" sawdust.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
32 words
The composition of claim 82, wherein the pbw ratio of both said untreated "wet" cellulosic material (i) and said treated "wet" cellulosic material (a) is respectively on an order of about 1:1.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 82.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 83.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 84.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
22 words
An article of manufacture pursuant to that of claim 87 wherin its componential ingredients are substantially entirely of and from "wet" sawdust.
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
77 words
A composition that is in accordance with any one of those of claims 1-6, inclusive, and which is further characterizable in containing and having available for integral-bonding purposes an adequate componential amount and quantity for the compositional binding and resulting structural integrity on fabrication thereof of binding material that has been generated by the action of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) on either said fibrous plant cellulosic material (a) or said lower carbohydrate constituent (b), or both.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fabricated shaped and integrally-bonded article of manufacture that has been prepared by subjection to bonding conditions of a composition that is in accordance with that of claim 89.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
90 words
A procedure that is in accordance with any one of the procedures of claims 49-64, inclusive, when and wherein said Step (II) is continued until there is generated by said reaction of said strong oxidizing reagent (c) an adequate componential amount and quantity for the compositional binding and resulting structural integrity on fabrication of the involved compositional mass being treated of binding material intrinsically provided by and from transformation of the ingredients of said mass by and as a resultant of the action thereon of said strong oxidizing reagent (c).
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 37, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 38, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 39, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 40, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 41, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
29 words
As an article of manufacture in accordance with claim 42, wherein said integrally-bonded cellulosic fabrication is embodied as a composite fabricated structure with another distinct solid material of construction.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1988-01-29 | 1988-07-30 | 1989-01-29 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1992-01-29 | 1992-07-30 | 1993-01-29 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1996-01-29 | 1996-07-30 | 1997-01-29 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |