Patent US4483978A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4483978A
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Energetic copolymers and method of making same
Assignee: SRI International Inc
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Filing: 1982-05-18
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Granted: 1984-11-20
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Expires: 2002-05-18
Abstract
Abstract Energetic copolymers having repeating mer units derived from different monomers, one or both of which have pendant energetic groups such as azido, nitro or nitrato groups. Copolymers have improved formulating characteristics compared to homopolymers of the energetic monomers; e.g., they are less crystalline or less viscous. Preferably the monomers are cyclic oxides having three to six atoms in the ring. The energetic monomers are preferably azido, nitro or nitrato derivatives of oxetane or THF. Copolymerization is preferably carried out by cationic polymerization using an adduct of the preinitiator precursor (e.g., 1,4-butane diol) and a catalyst suitable for cationic polymerization (e.g., boron trifluoride etherate) which is employed in stoichiometric proportion to the monomers and a low molecular weight, low polydispersity copolymer results. Certain novel monomers also are provided.
Inventors
- 👤 Gerald E. Manser
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 22:02
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08G; C08G65/00; C08G65/02; C08G65/26; C08G65/2642; C08G65/2645; C07; C07D; C07D305/00; C07D305/02; C07D305/04; C07D305/06; C07D307/00; C07D307/02; C07D307/04; C07D307/10; C07D307/14; C08G65/04; C08G65/06; C08G65/16; C08G65/22; C08G65/2669
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
227 words
A method of forming an energetic polymer having pendant energetic groups which comprises: (a) providing a Monomer I which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring, said Monomer I, when homopolymerized, resulting in a polymer which is crystalline or viscous at temperatures normally used in formulations, said energeric group being one which decomposes without combustion at a temperature of about 180° C. to 250° C. to release a gas under pressure (b) providing also a Monomer II which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring and which differs from Monomer I and is copolymerizable with Monomer I to produce a copolymer which is less crystalline or viscous than the homopolymer of Monomer I and (c) copolymerizing Monomers I and II in proportions such that the resulting copolymer has a substantially diminished crystallinity or viscosity compared to the homopolymer of Monomer I, said copolymerization being a cationic polymerization initiated by an adduct of a preinitiator precursor and a catalyst effective for cationic polymerization, and wherein such adduct and Monomers I and II are employed in proportions of one mol of adduct to n mols of I and II combined, n being a small number and the proportion of adduct greatly exceeding that required as a catalyst, the polymerization being allowed to go to completion.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
227 words
A method of forming an energetic polymer having pendant energetic groups which comprises: (a) providing a Monomer I which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring, said Monomer I, when homopolymerized, resulting in a polymer which is crystalline or viscous at temperatures normally used in formulations, said energeric group being one which decomposes without combustion at a temperature of about 180° C. to 250° C. to release a gas under pressure (b) providing also a Monomer II which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring and which differs from Monomer I and is copolymerizable with Monomer I to produce a copolymer which is less crystalline or viscous than the homopolymer of Monomer I and (c) copolymerizing Monomers I and II in proportions such that the resulting copolymer has a substantially diminished crystallinity or viscosity compared to the homopolymer of Monomer I, said copolymerization being a cationic polymerization initiated by an adduct of a preinitiator precursor and a catalyst effective for cationic polymerization, and wherein such adduct and Monomers I and II are employed in proportions of one mol of adduct to n mols of I and II combined, n being a small number and the proportion of adduct greatly exceeding that required as a catalyst, the polymerization being allowed to go to completion.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the preinitiator precursor is a polyol and the resulting living polymer is quenched with water or a polyol, resulting in a polymer having an hydroxyl group at each end.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 2 wherein Monomer I is an azido substituted cyclic oxide and Monomer II is a nonenergetic cyclic oxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 2 wherein both Monomers I and II are energetic.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the energetic monomers have pendant azido groups.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the energetic monomers have pendant nitro groups.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the energetic monomers have pendant nitrato groups.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
128 words
A copolymer comprising a chain of mer units resulting from the ring opening of a Monomer I which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring and which contains also a pendant energetic group which decomposes without combustion at a temperature of about 180° C. to 230° C. and in so doing releases gas and (2) mer units resulting from the ring opening of a Monomer II which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring, Monomer II differing from Monomer II; Monomer I, which homopolymerized, resulting in a polymer which is crystalline or viscous, the mer units derived from Monomer II being present in proportions sufficient that the copolymer has substantially diminished crystallinity or viscosity
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
128 words
A copolymer comprising a chain of mer units resulting from the ring opening of a Monomer I which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring and which contains also a pendant energetic group which decomposes without combustion at a temperature of about 180° C. to 230° C. and in so doing releases gas and (2) mer units resulting from the ring opening of a Monomer II which is a cyclic oxide containing two to five carbon atoms in the oxide ring, Monomer II differing from Monomer II; Monomer I, which homopolymerized, resulting in a polymer which is crystalline or viscous, the mer units derived from Monomer II being present in proportions sufficient that the copolymer has substantially diminished crystallinity or viscosity
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
The copolymer of claim 8 wherein the copolymer has terminal functional groups.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
11 words
The copolymer of claim 9 wherein such terminal groups are hydroxyl.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-11-20 | 1988-05-21 | 1988-11-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-11-20 | 1992-05-21 | 1992-11-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-11-20 | 1996-05-21 | 1996-11-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |