US4482634A — Chemical flood testing method

Claim 1

Independent Claim 135 words

A method of testing a surfactant for use in an enhanced oil recovery operation of a crude oil reservoir in an earth formation comprising the steps of: obtaining at least one core of an earth formation, cleaning said core, subjecting said core to a predetermined sequence of events similar to that which the reservoir has experienced, floodng the core with surfactant, driving the surfactant from the core with at least one drive liquid, irradiating the core with a beam of microwave energy so that a portion of the beam of microwave energy passes through the core, detecting the portion of the beam of microwave energy that has passed through the core, and deriving an indication of the effectiveness of the surfactant in accordance with the detection of the portion of the beam of microwave energy.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 135 words

A method of testing a surfactant for use in an enhanced oil recovery operation of a crude oil reservoir in an earth formation comprising the steps of: obtaining at least one core of an earth formation, cleaning said core, subjecting said core to a predetermined sequence of events similar to that which the reservoir has experienced, floodng the core with surfactant, driving the surfactant from the core with at least one drive liquid, irradiating the core with a beam of microwave energy so that a portion of the beam of microwave energy passes through the core, detecting the portion of the beam of microwave energy that has passed through the core, and deriving an indication of the effectiveness of the surfactant in accordance with the detection of the portion of the beam of microwave energy.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 34 words

A method as described in claim 3 in which the subjecting step includes the steps of filling the core with crude oil, and flooding the core with water to drive out the crude oil.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 64 words

A method as described in claim 4 in which the crude oil is the same crude oil from the reservoir, the flood water has the same salinity and hardness as the water used to flood the crude oil reservoir, and the drive liquid is the same type of drive liquid that will be used to drive the surfactant in the enhanced oil recovery operation.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 28 words

A method as described in claim 1 further comprising preventing any portion of the beam of microwave energy from being detected that has not passed through said core.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 47 words

A method as described in claim 2 in which the preventing step is accomplished by aligning microwave absorber rods with the core in a manner so that any portion of the beam of microwave energy not passing through said core is absorbed by said microwave absorber rods.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 59 words

A method as described in claim 5 further comprising repeating all of the steps of the method of claim 5, with the exception of the step of obtaining a core, on said core for a different surfactant until all of the surfactants have been tested, and comparing the indication of the effectiveness of each surfactant to determine suitable surfactants.

Claim 8

Independent Claim 139 words

A method of selecting a surfactant for use in the enhanced recovery of oil from the reservoir in an earth formation comprising the steps of obtaining two or more cores of an earth formation, passing a portion of a beam of microwave energy through a core, affecting the core with simulated reservoir conditions, deriving calibration data for each simulated condition in accordance with the portion of the microwave beam that has passed through the core, filling the core with a surfactant, driving the surfactant from the core with a liquid, deriving a characteristic of the effectiveness of the surfactant in accordance with the portion of the microwave beam that has passed through the core, and repeating all of the foregoing steps with the exception of the first-mentioned step for each remaining core using a difference surfactant for each core.

Claim 9

Independent Claim 139 words

A method of selecting a surfactant for use in the enhanced recovery of oil from the reservoir in an earth formation comprising the steps of obtaining two or more cores of an earth formation, passing a portion of a beam of microwave energy through a core, affecting the core with simulated reservoir conditions, deriving calibration data for each simulated condition in accordance with the portion of the microwave beam that has passed through the core, filling the core with a surfactant, driving the surfactant from the core with a liquid, deriving a characteristic of the effectiveness of the surfactant in accordance with the portion of the microwave beam that has passed through the core, and repeating all of the foregoing steps with the exception of the first-mentioned step for each remaining core using a difference surfactant for each core.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 116 words

A metnod as described in claim 7 in which the affecting step includes deriving a first calibration point in accordance with the beam of microwave energy from the core when there is no liquid present in the core, filling the core with water so that a second calibration point derived in accordance with the received microwave energy corresponding to a water saturated core, driving the water in the core with crude oil so that a third derived calibration point is representative of residual water, and driving the crude oil in the core with water, so that a fourth calibration point derived from the received microwave energy is representative of residual crude oil after a water flood.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 30 words

A method as described in claim 8 in which the characteristic derived is a quantitative evaluation of the residual oil remaining in the core after the use of the surfactant.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 18 words

A method as described in claim 9 in which the cores are obtained from the reservoir's earth formation.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 33 words

A method as described in claim 10 in which the water used to establish the second calibration point has the same salinity as the water used in the water flood of the reservoir.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 29 words

A method as described in claim 11 in which the drive liquid has the same characteristics as the drive liquid that is expected to be used on the reservoir.

Claim 15

Independent Claim 134 words

A method of testing fluid mechanics in a crude oil reservoir in an earth formation on which an enhanced oil recovery operation will be employed comprising the steps of obtaining at least one core of earth formation, cleaning said core, first subjecting said core to a predetermined sequence of events similar to that which the reservoir has experienced, second, subjecting said core to a predetermined sequence of events similar to the anticipated enhanced oil recovery operation, irradiating the core with a beam of microwave energy, detecting that portion of the beam of microwave energy that has passed through the core, repeating the irradiating and the detecting steps at predetermined intervals along the length of the core during both subjecting steps, and, deriving an indication of the effectiveness of the anticipated enhanced oil recovery operation.

Claim 16

Independent Claim 134 words

A method of testing fluid mechanics in a crude oil reservoir in an earth formation on which an enhanced oil recovery operation will be employed comprising the steps of obtaining at least one core of earth formation, cleaning said core, first subjecting said core to a predetermined sequence of events similar to that which the reservoir has experienced, second, subjecting said core to a predetermined sequence of events similar to the anticipated enhanced oil recovery operation, irradiating the core with a beam of microwave energy, detecting that portion of the beam of microwave energy that has passed through the core, repeating the irradiating and the detecting steps at predetermined intervals along the length of the core during both subjecting steps, and, deriving an indication of the effectiveness of the anticipated enhanced oil recovery operation.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 20 words

A method as described in claim 13 in which the core is obtained from the crude oil reservoir's earth formation.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 40 words

A method as described in claim 14 in which the first subjecting step includes the steps of filling the core with crude oil obtained from the crude oil reservoir, and, recovering crude oil from the core using a water drive.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 56 words

A method as described in claim 15 in which the second subjecting step includes flooding the core with a chemical flood at the same rate as the chemical flood of the anticipated enhanced oil recovery operation; and, the deriving step includes deriving an indication of a residual oil saturation of the core after the chemical flood.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 73 words

A method as described in claim 16 in which the deriving step also includes deriving an indication of oil saturation after the filling of the core with the crude oil but prior to the recovery step, deriving an indication of a residual oil saturation of the core after the recovery step but prior to the chemical flooding step, and deriving an indication of the recovery efficiency of the anticipated enhanced oil recovery operation.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 41 words

A method as described in claim 17 in which the chemical flooding step includes injecting a surfactant flood into the core, injecting a polymer behind the surfactant slug, and, driving the polymer and surfactant slug through the core with a brine.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 25 words

A method as described in claim 18 in which the core includes lab cores butted end to end to form a preferred length of core.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 24 words

A method as described in claim 19 in which the length of the core lies within a preferred range of 2 to 6 feet.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 22 words

A method as described in claim 1 in which the microwave enery has a frequency which lies within the X-band frequency range.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 25 words

A method as described in claim 21 in which the beam of microwave energy is provided at a preferred power level of substantially 10 milliwatts.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 19 words

A method as described in claim 22 in which the microwave energy has a preferred frequency of 10.525 GHz.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 22 words

A method as described in claim 1 in which the microwave energy has a frequency which lies within the K-band frequency range.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 34 words

A method as described in claim 24 in which the beam of microwave energy is provided at a power level greater than at least 50 milliwatts but less than the safety standard power limit.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 19 words

A method as described in claim 25 in which the microwave energy has a preferred frequency of 24.125 GHz.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1987-11-13	1988-05-14	1988-11-13	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1991-11-13	1992-05-14	1992-11-13	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1995-11-13	1996-05-14	1996-11-13	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Chemical flood testing method

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