US4458686A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Cutaneous methods of measuring body substances
Assignee: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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Filing: 1983-05-04
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Granted: 1984-07-10
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Expires: 2003-05-04
Abstract
Abstract Cutaneous methods for measurement of substrates in mammalian subjects are disclosed. A condition of the skin is used to measure a number of important substances which diffuse through the skin or are present underneath the skin in the blood or tissue. According to the technique, an enzyme whose activity is specific for a particular substance or substrate is placed on, in or under the skin for reaction. The condition of the skin is then detected by suitable means as a measure of the amount of the substrate in the body. For instance, the enzymatic reaction or by-product of the reaction is detected directly through the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate. Polarographic electrodes or enzyme electrodes are employed as skin-contact analyzers in the transcutaneous measurement of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide to quantitatively determine blood substances such as glucose and alcohol. In a preferred quantitative technique, the skin is arterialized, i.e., heated or otherwise treated to arterialize the skin capillaries when the measurements are made. Colorimetric detection methods are also employed.
Inventors
- 👤 Leland C. Clark, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 05:19
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/145; A61B5/14532; A61B5/1468; A61B5/1486; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/10; Y10T436/102499
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
64 words
A non-invasive cutaneous method of analyzing body substrates in the body which comprises contacting outside of the body an amount of a non-gaseous body substrate which has volatilized through the skin with an enzyme selected for the substrate being analyzed, reacting the substrate with the enzyme, and detecting a condition of the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate in the body.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
64 words
A non-invasive cutaneous method of analyzing body substrates in the body which comprises contacting outside of the body an amount of a non-gaseous body substrate which has volatilized through the skin with an enzyme selected for the substrate being analyzed, reacting the substrate with the enzyme, and detecting a condition of the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate in the body.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1 comprising reacting the substrate with an enzyme to produce by-product hydrogen peroxide and detecting said hydrogen peroxide at the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 2 comprising contacting the skin with a hydrogen peroxide sensitive electrode.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 3 wherein the electrode is a polarographic anode.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 1 comprising reacting the substrate with an enzyme to produce hydrogen peroxide by-product and detecting said by-product at the skin colorimetrically as a measure of the amount of the substrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1 comprising contacting the skin surface with the enzyme and detecting a condition of the enzymatic reaction at the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
9 words
The method of claim 1 comprising arterializing the skin.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method of claim 7 wherein the skin is arterialized by heating.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the skin is warmed to a temperature of about 38°-44° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 7 wherein the skin is arterialized by chemical treatment.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said detection is by means of an electrode.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method of claim 11 wherein said enzyme is included in the electrolyte of said electrode.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 11 wherein said electrode has a membrane associated with it and said enzyme is immobilized on said membrane.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
68 words
A non-invasive method of extracorporeally analyzing blood substrates in the body of mammalian subjects which comprises transcutaneously contacting outside of the body a non-gaseous blood substrate which has volatilized through the skin with an enzyme selected for the substrate being analyzed, reacting the substrate with the enzyme, arterializing the skin, and detecting a condition of the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate in the blood.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
68 words
A non-invasive method of extracorporeally analyzing blood substrates in the body of mammalian subjects which comprises transcutaneously contacting outside of the body a non-gaseous blood substrate which has volatilized through the skin with an enzyme selected for the substrate being analyzed, reacting the substrate with the enzyme, arterializing the skin, and detecting a condition of the skin as a measure of the amount of substrate in the blood.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 14 comprising the further steps of contacting the skin with the enzyme and heating the skin.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 15 comprising the further step of detecting hydrogen peroxide by-product with a polarographic electrode as a measure of the amount of substrate.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 15 wherein the enzyme is encapsulated in a material permeable to the substrate.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 14 comprising detecting the substrate colorimetrically.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 14 comprising detecting hydrogen peroxide by-product with an extracorporeal electrode as a measure of the amount of substrate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 14 comprising the further step of vaporizing the substrate and extracorporeally reacting the enzyme with the vaporized substrate.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 20 wherein the substrate is an alcohol.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 21 wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of alcohol oxidase and alcohol dehydrogenase.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 20 wherein the substrate is ethanol.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-07-10 | 1988-01-09 | 1988-07-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-07-10 | 1992-01-09 | 1992-07-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-01-09 | 1996-07-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |