Patent US4458629A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4458629A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Litter for mammals and fowl
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1982-01-21
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Granted: 1984-07-10
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Expires: 2002-01-21
Abstract
Abstract An improved pelletized mammal or fowl litter, particularly useful for domestic pets and laboratory animals, is described. The litter provides a highly absorbent, antibacterial, antifungal and effective odor control bedding which is composed of defibered cellulosic materials mixed with chemicals, obtaining the properties described herein. The composition which is chemically of a basic pH is compressed into pellet form to provide improved handling and antitracking qualities.
Inventors
- 👤 Milton L. Gerber
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 17:10
CPC Classifications
A; A01; A01K; A01K1/00; A01K1/015; A01K1/0152; A01K1/0155
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
56 words
A cellulosic product comprising a homogeneous mass of cellulosic fibers and calcined alkaline earth metal oxides, in which such fibers constitute the dominant content by weight of the litter, the pH of the mass being non-acidic, and the bulk density of the mass being in the range of about 12 to 25 lbs/ft 3 or less.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
56 words
A cellulosic product comprising a homogeneous mass of cellulosic fibers and calcined alkaline earth metal oxides, in which such fibers constitute the dominant content by weight of the litter, the pH of the mass being non-acidic, and the bulk density of the mass being in the range of about 12 to 25 lbs/ft 3 or less.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The product of claim 1 wherein the pH is about 8 to 9.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
The product of claim 1 wherein the fibers are embodied in pellets, wafers or loose fibers, and said alkaline material includes calcium and magnesium oxide.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
17 words
The product of claim 3 wherein said fibers form up to 99% by weight of the mass.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
The product of claim 3 wherein said magnesium oxide forms about 0.5% to 1.26% by weight of the mass.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
The product of claim 3 wherein said calcium oxide forms about 1% to 1.74% by weight of the mass.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
41 words
The product of claim 3 wherein said fibers form about 9% to 97%, said calcium oxide forms about 1% to 1.74%, said magnesium oxide forms about 0.5% to 1.26%, and said mass includes water of about 12% to 14%, by weight.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
The product of claim 7 wherein said pellets are about 3/16" diameter and 1/4" to 1/2" in length, have a bulk density of about 12 to 18 lbs/ft 3 , and the pH is basic.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
A cellulosic product comprising an adherent mass of cellulosic fibers, n-hexadecyl pyridinium propionate, CaO or CaO.MgO, aluminum sulphate and water, and the pH is basic.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
A cellulosic product comprising an adherent mass of cellulosic fibers, n-hexadecyl pyridinium propionate, CaO or CaO.MgO, aluminum sulphate and water, and the pH is basic.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
The cellulosic product of claim 9 wherein said fibers form about 95%, said N-hexadecyl pyridinium propionate forms about 0.1% to 1.0%, said CaO or CaO.MgO forms about 1% to 5%, and said aluminum sulphate forms about 1.0% to 3.0%, by weight, of the mass.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
81 words
The process for the production of pellets of cellulosic composition comprising admixing cellulosic fibers and calcined alkaline earth metal oxides in a weight ratio of about 95% to 97% fibers, about 1% to 1.74% calcium oxide and about 0.5% to 1.26% magnesium oxide, moisturizing the resultant admixture, and pelletizing said moistened admixture, the cellulosic fibers being dominant in the admixture, admixing one of the N-alkyl pyridinium propionates prior to said moisturizing, and controlling the pH to a level greater than 7.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
81 words
The process for the production of pellets of cellulosic composition comprising admixing cellulosic fibers and calcined alkaline earth metal oxides in a weight ratio of about 95% to 97% fibers, about 1% to 1.74% calcium oxide and about 0.5% to 1.26% magnesium oxide, moisturizing the resultant admixture, and pelletizing said moistened admixture, the cellulosic fibers being dominant in the admixture, admixing one of the N-alkyl pyridinium propionates prior to said moisturizing, and controlling the pH to a level greater than 7.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
79 words
The process of producing a pelletized litter comprising the steps of forming a cellulosic fiberous mass, mixing with said mass <200 mesh calcium and magnesium oxides in a weight ratio of about 95% to 97% fibers, about 1% to 1.74% calcium oxide, about 0.5% to 1.26% magnesium oxide, moisturizing the mixture to a content by weight of about 30% to 40% water, and pelletizing the moisturized mixture to a bulk density of less than about 25 lbs/ft 3 .
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
79 words
The process of producing a pelletized litter comprising the steps of forming a cellulosic fiberous mass, mixing with said mass <200 mesh calcium and magnesium oxides in a weight ratio of about 95% to 97% fibers, about 1% to 1.74% calcium oxide, about 0.5% to 1.26% magnesium oxide, moisturizing the mixture to a content by weight of about 30% to 40% water, and pelletizing the moisturized mixture to a bulk density of less than about 25 lbs/ft 3 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 12 including drying the pellets to a level of about 12% to 14% moisture, said cellulosic fibers being formed of one or more of newsprint, magazines or mixed paper.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
79 words
The process of the production of pellets of cellulosic composition comprising homogeneously admixing cellulosic fibers and calcined alkaline earth metal oxides, moisturizing the resultant admixture, and pelletizing said moisture admixture, the cellulosic fibers being dominant in the admixture, drying the pellets and controlling the bulk density to a level below about 25 pounds per cubic foot, and controlling the pH to a level greater than 7, said fibers forming from about 90% to 99% by weight of the mixture.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
79 words
The process of the production of pellets of cellulosic composition comprising homogeneously admixing cellulosic fibers and calcined alkaline earth metal oxides, moisturizing the resultant admixture, and pelletizing said moisture admixture, the cellulosic fibers being dominant in the admixture, drying the pellets and controlling the bulk density to a level below about 25 pounds per cubic foot, and controlling the pH to a level greater than 7, said fibers forming from about 90% to 99% by weight of the mixture.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
38 words
A cellulosic product comprising an adherent mass of cellulosic fibers, calcium oxide and water, in which such fibers constitute the dominant content by weight of the product, and the bulk density is about 18 lbs/ft 3 or less.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
38 words
A cellulosic product comprising an adherent mass of cellulosic fibers, calcium oxide and water, in which such fibers constitute the dominant content by weight of the product, and the bulk density is about 18 lbs/ft 3 or less.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cellulosic product of claim 15 wherein said fibers form up to 99% by weight of the mass.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
23 words
The cellulosic product of claim 16 wherein said fibers are in a range of about 90% to 97% by weight of the mass.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-07-10 | 1988-01-09 | 1988-07-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-07-10 | 1992-01-09 | 1992-07-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-07-10 | 1996-01-09 | 1996-07-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |