US4457012A — FM Stereo apparatus and method

Claim 1

Independent Claim 239 words

An apparatus to provide an improved FM stereo output, where there is an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of an L signal and an R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, said apparatus comprising: (a) input means to provide an input signal made up of said L+R signal component and said L-R signal component; (b) output means including matrix means to receive and combine said signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and to receive at least said L+R signal at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component; (c) control means including detector means to detect from said signal first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and to transmit the L-R signal components of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portions to diminish said L-R signal component relative to said L+R signal component to produce said second output mode.

Claim 2

Independent Claim 239 words

An apparatus to provide an improved FM stereo output, where there is an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of an L signal and an R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, said apparatus comprising: (a) input means to provide an input signal made up of said L+R signal component and said L-R signal component; (b) output means including matrix means to receive and combine said signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and to receive at least said L+R signal at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component; (c) control means including detector means to detect from said signal first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and to transmit the L-R signal components of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portions to diminish said L-R signal component relative to said L+R signal component to produce said second output mode.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 30 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said control means is arranged to diminish primarily a higher frequency portion of said L-R signal component during said second signal portions.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 35 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein said control means comprises a low pass filter to transmit a low frequency portion of said L-R component to said matrix means, independently of said detector means.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 69 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 3, said control means further comprising amplifier means to receive said L-R signal component and to transmit said L-R signal component to said matrix means, said detector means being responsive to said abrupt change of amplitude to cause said amplifier means to transmit the L-R signal component at a higher level in response to said detector means detecting said abrupt change of amplitude.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 68 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 4, further comprising noise control means connected to said matrix means in parallel with said amplifier means to transmit said L-R signal component to said matrix means, said noise control means having selectively operable switch means to diminish the L-R signal component delivered by said noise control means so as to be able to diminish noise contributed by said L-R signal component.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 37 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein said detector means is responsive primarily to increases in amplitude of said signal to transmit the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 41 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 4, wherein said detector means is responsive to both abrupt increases and decreases in the amplitude of the signal to transmit the L-R signal component of the first signal portions at said sufficiently high level.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 45 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising time delay means adapted to receive said L+R signal component and to provide a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, so as in turn to produce a delayed L+R output from said output means.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 48 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 8, wherein said time delay means comprises a first time delay device to produce a first delayed L+R signal input of a shorter delay and a second time delay device to produce a second delayed L+R signal input of a greater delay.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 43 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 9, said control means further comprising time delay control means to control amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative signal strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 56 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein said time delay means is arranged so that one of said time delay devices produces its time delay input at a higher frequency range of the L+R signal component, and the other time delay device produces the delayed input at a lower frequency portion of the L+R input.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 38 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein the first time delay device produces the shorter time delay input at said higher frequency, and the second time delay device produces the longer delay input at the lower frequency.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 40 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 8, further comprising time delay control means to control amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative signal strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 55 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 13, further comprising filter means to receive the delayed input from the time delay means and to diminish a middle frequency portion of said time delayed input relative to low and high frequency portions thereof, so as to provide a modified input which is transmitted to said output means.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 178 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 13, further comprising comparator means to control amplitude of the delayed input in accordance with the amplitude of the L-R signal component relative to the L+R signal component, said comparator comprising: (a) first means to receive a first input value related to the L+R signal component and to produce a first output value related to a log of the first input value, (b) second means to receive a second input value related to the L-R signal component and to produce a second output value related a log of said second input value, (c) third means to subtract the output values from one another and to produce a third output value related to actual value of the ratio of the first and second input values of the first and second means, (d) fourth means to direct said third output to said time delay control means to increase or decrease amplitude of the delayed input relative to increase or decrease, respectively, of the ratio of the L-R signal component to the L+R signal component.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 147 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein there is control logic means to cause said output means to be selectively responsive to said control means, said control logic means comprising: (a) signal strength indicator means responsive to a value related to said input signal in a manner to determine a low signal strength condition where signal strength is below a predetermined signal value, (b) multipath distortion indicating means responsive to variations in a value relating to said input signal to indicate a multipath distortion condition where multipath distortion is above a predetermined multipath distortion level, (c) logic output means responsive to said signal strength indicator means and said multipath distortion indicator means to cause said output means to be responsive to said control means when the signal strength is below said predetermined signal strength level or said multipath distortion is above said predetermined multipath distortion level.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 64 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 16, wherein said control logic means further comprises a time logic circuit means to initiate a predetermined examination time period and to cause said signal strength indicating means and said multipath distortion indicating means to become operative during said examination time period so as to be able to make said logic output operative during said examination time period.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 31 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 17, wherein said time logic circuit means includes muting means to cause sound output of said apparatus to become muted during said examination time period.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 59 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein said time logic circuit means is responsive to station change indicating means of said apparatus, in a manner to initiate said examination time period to cause said signal strength indicator means and said multipath distortion indicator means to become activated where there is a change of station input to said apparatus.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 42 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 19, wherein there is muting signal input means responsive to a muting signal of said apparatus to cause said time logic circuit to initiate said examination period in response to the muting signal of said apparatus.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 43 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 20, further comprising a trigger switch means responsive to initiation of operation of said control logic means, to cause said trigger switch means to act on said time logic circuit means to initiate said examiniation time period.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 77 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 21, wherein said output means is characterized in that it can produce an L signal and an R signal directly from said output means, said trigger switch means being responsive to deactivation of said control means to cause said time logic circuit means to mute sound output for a time period after said control means is deactivated and before said L and R signals are transmitted directly from said output means.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 43 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 17, further comprising a trigger switch means responsive to initiation of operation of said control logic means, to cause said trigger switch means to act on said time logic circuit means to initiate said examiniation time period.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 77 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 23, wherein said output means is characterized in that it can produce an L signal and an R signal directly from said output means, said trigger switch means being responsive to deactivation of said control means to cause said time logic circuit means to mute sound output for a time period after said control means is deactivated and before said L and R signals are transmitted directly from said output means.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 110 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said detector means comprises: (a) capacitor means to receive a value related to said L-R signal component and to transmit a differentiated signal related to rate of change of said L-R signal component, (b) signal control means responsive to said differentiated signal to produce a control signal related to said differentiated output, (c) L-R variable transmitting means adapted to transmit said L-R signal component to said output means at a variable output level, and responsive to said control signal to transmit said L-R signal component at a greater or lesser level depending upon magnitude of said differentiated output from said capacitor means.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 82 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 25, wherein said detector means further comprises rectifying means to receive said L-R signal component and produce a rectified L-R signal value, amplifier means to receive said rectified L-R signal value to produce said value related to said L-R signal component, means providing a circuit path from said amplifier to said signal control means to transmit to said signal control means a value related to absolute magnitude of the value related to the L-R signal component.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 181 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said detector means comprises: (a) rectifying means to receive said L-R signal component and provide a rectified L-R signal, (b) a first amplifier means to receive said rectified L-R signal and produce an L-R value output related to said rectified signal, (c) capacitor means to receive said L-R value output and to produce a differentiated signal related to rate of change of said L-R value output, (d) resistor means bypassing said capacitor to transmit said L-R value output in a path paralleling said capacitor means, (e) L-R signal control means to receive said differentiated signal from the capacitor means and said L-R value output from the resistor means and to produce an L-R control signal responsive to said differentiated output and said L-R value output, (f) second amplifier means to transmit said L-R signal component to said output means at a variable output level, and responsive to said L-R control signal to transmit said L-R signal component at greater or lesser level depending upon magnitude of said differentiated output of said capacitor means.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 67 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 27, further comprising steering diode means positioned between said capacitor means and said L-R signal control means, in a manner to make said L-R signal control means responsive to both increases and decreases in magnitude of said differentiated signal, whereby said second amplifier means has an increased output related to both increases and decreases in magnitude of the L-R signal component.

Claim 30

Independent Claim 548 words

An apparatus to provide an improved FM stereo output, comprising: (a) an input means to provide a first signal input having an L component corresponding to an L signal and an R component corresponding to an R signal, and to provide a second signal input comprising an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of the L signal and the R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, (b) an output means including an output matrix adapted to receive said L+R signal component and a modified L-R signal component and to combine said L+R and modified L-R signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and to receive at least said L+R signal at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal component to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component, (c) output switching means having a first operating condition to receive said L component and said R component from said input means and to transmit these to L and R outputs, respectively, and a second operating condition to receive said first and second output components from the output matrix and transmit these to the L and R outputs, (d) leading edge detector means to detect first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and to transmit the L-R signal component of said signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portion to diminish said L-R component relative to said L+R component to produce said second output mode, (e) time delay means adapted to receive said L+R signal component and to provide a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, (f) time delay control means to control amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component, (g) control logic means to cause said switching means to operate in either said first condition or said second condition, said control logic means comprising: (1) signal strength indicator means responsive to a value related to said input signal in a manner to determine a low signal strength condition where signal strength is below a predetermined signal value, (2) multipath distortion indicating means responsive to variations in a value relating to said input signal to indicate a multipath distortion condition where multipath distortion is above a predetermined multipath distortion level, (3) logic output means responsive to said signal strength indicator means and said multipath distortion indicator means to cause said output switching means to be in said first condition where said signal strength is above said predetermined signal level and said multipath distortion is below said predetermined multipath distortion level, and to cause said switching means to be in the second condition when the signal strength is below said predetermined signal strength level or said multipath distortion is above said predetermined multipath distortion level.

Claim 31

Independent Claim 548 words

An apparatus to provide an improved FM stereo output, comprising: (a) an input means to provide a first signal input having an L component corresponding to an L signal and an R component corresponding to an R signal, and to provide a second signal input comprising an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of the L signal and the R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, (b) an output means including an output matrix adapted to receive said L+R signal component and a modified L-R signal component and to combine said L+R and modified L-R signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and to receive at least said L+R signal at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal component to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component, (c) output switching means having a first operating condition to receive said L component and said R component from said input means and to transmit these to L and R outputs, respectively, and a second operating condition to receive said first and second output components from the output matrix and transmit these to the L and R outputs, (d) leading edge detector means to detect first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and to transmit the L-R signal component of said signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portion to diminish said L-R component relative to said L+R component to produce said second output mode, (e) time delay means adapted to receive said L+R signal component and to provide a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, (f) time delay control means to control amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component, (g) control logic means to cause said switching means to operate in either said first condition or said second condition, said control logic means comprising: (1) signal strength indicator means responsive to a value related to said input signal in a manner to determine a low signal strength condition where signal strength is below a predetermined signal value, (2) multipath distortion indicating means responsive to variations in a value relating to said input signal to indicate a multipath distortion condition where multipath distortion is above a predetermined multipath distortion level, (3) logic output means responsive to said signal strength indicator means and said multipath distortion indicator means to cause said output switching means to be in said first condition where said signal strength is above said predetermined signal level and said multipath distortion is below said predetermined multipath distortion level, and to cause said switching means to be in the second condition when the signal strength is below said predetermined signal strength level or said multipath distortion is above said predetermined multipath distortion level.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 32 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein said leading edge detector means is arranged to diminish primarily a higher frequency portion of said L-R signal component during said second signal portions.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 34 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 30, wherein there is a low pass filter to transmit a low frequency portion of said L-R component to said output matrix means, independently of said detector means.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 72 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 31, said leading edge detector means further comprising amplifier means to receive said L-R signal component and to transmit said L-R signal component to said output matrix means, said detector means being responsive to said abrupt change of amplitude to cause said amplifier means to transmit the L-R signal component at a higher level in response to said detector means detecting said abrupt change of amplitude.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 69 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 32, further comprising noise control means connected to said output matrix means in parallel with said amplifier means to transmit said L-R signal component to said matrix means, said noise control means having selectively operable switch means to diminish the L-R signal component delivered by said noise control means so as to be able to diminish noise contributed by said L-R signal component.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 37 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein said detector means is responsive primarily to increases in amplitude of said signal to transmit the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 41 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 32, wherein said detector means is responsive to both abrupt increases and decreases in the amplitude of the signal to transmit the L-R signal component of the first signal portions at said sufficiently high level.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 48 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein said time delay means comprises a first time delay device to produce a first delayed L+R signal input of a shorter delay and a second time delay device to produce a second delayed L+R signal input of a greater delay.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 55 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 36, wherein said time delay means is arranged so that one of said time delay devices produces its delayed input at a higher frequency range of the L+R signal component, and the other time delay device produces the delayed input at a lower frequency portion of the L+R input.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 37 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 37, wherein the first time delay device produces the shorter delayed input at said higher frequency, and the second time delay device produces the longer delayed input at the lower frequency.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 55 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, further comprising filter means to receive the delayed input from the time delay means and to diminish a middle frequency portion of said time delayed input relative to low and high frequency portions thereof, so as to provide a modified input which is transmitted to said output means.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 178 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, further comprising comparator means to control amplitude of the delayed input in accordance with the amplitude of the L-R signal component relative to the L+R signal component, said comparator comprising: (a) first means to receive a first input value related to the L+R signal component and to produce a first output value related to a log of the first input value, (b) second means to receive a second input value related to the L-R signal component and to produce a second output value related a log of said second input value, (c) third means to subtract the output values from one another and to produce a third output value related to actual value of the ratio of the first and second input values of the first and second means, (d) fourth means to direct said third output to said time delay control means to increase or decrease amplitude of the delayed input relative to increase or decrease, respectively, of the ratio of the L-R signal component to the L+R signal component.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 48 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein said control logic means further comprises a time logic circuit means to initiate a predetermined examination time period and to cause said signal strength indicating means and said multipath distortion indicating means to become operative during said examination time period.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 31 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 41, wherein said time logic circuit means includes muting means to cause sound output of said apparatus to become muted during said examination time period.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 59 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 42, wherein said time logic circuit means is responsive to station change indicating means of said apparatus, in a manner to initiate said examination time period to cause said signal strength indicator means and said multipath distortion indicator means to become activated where there is a change of station input to said apparatus.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 42 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 43, wherein there is muting signal input means responsive to a muting signal of said apparatus to cause said time logic circuit to initiate said examination period in response to a muting signal of said apparatus.

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 43 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 44, further comprising a trigger switch means responsive to initiation of operation of said control logic means, to cause said trigger switch means to act on said time logic circuit means to initiate said examiniation time period.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 43 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 41, further comprising a trigger switch means responsive to initiation of operation of said control logic means, to cause said trigger switch means to act on said time logic circuit means to initiate said examiniation time period.

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 112 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein said leading edge detector means comprises: (a) capacitor means to receive a value related to said L-R signal component and to transmit a differentiated signal related to rate of change of said L-R signal component, (b) signal control means responsive to said differentiated signal to produce a control signal related to said differentiated output, (c) L-R variable transmitting means adapted to transmit said L-R signal component to said output means at a variable output level, and responsive to said control signal to transmit said L-R signal component at a greater or lesser level depending upon magnitude of said differentiated output from said capacitor means.

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 84 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 47, wherein said leading edge detector means further comprises rectifying means to receive said L-R signal component and produce a rectified L-R signal value, amplifier means to receive said rectified L-R signal value to produce said value related to said L-R signal component, means providing a circuit path from said amplifier to said signal control means to transmit to said signal control means a value related to absolute magnitude of the value related to the L-R signal component.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 183 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 29, wherein said leading edge detector means comprises: (a) rectifying means to receive said L-R signal component and provide a rectified L-R signal, (b) a first amplifier means to receive said rectified L-R signal and produce an L-R value output related to said rectified signal, (c) capacitor means to receive said L-R value output and to produce a differentiated signal related to rate of change of said L-R value output, (d) resistor means bypassing said capacitor to transmit said L-R value output in a path paralleling said capacitor means, (e) L-R signal control means to receive said differentiated signal from the capacitor means and said L-R value output from the resistor means and to produce an L-R control signal responsive to said differentiated output and said L-R value output, (f) second amplifier means to transmit said L-R signal component to said output means at a variable output level, and responsive to said L-R control signal to transmit said L-R signal component at greater or lesser level depending upon magnitude of said differentiated output of said capacitor means.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 67 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 49, further comprising steering diode means positioned between said capacitor means and said L-R signal control means, in a manner to make said L-R signal control means responsive to both increases and decreases in magnitude of said differentiated signal, whereby said second amplifier means has an increased output related to both increases and decreases in magnitude of the L-R signal component.

Claim 53

Independent Claim 193 words

A method to provide an improved FM stereo output, where there is an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of an L signal and an R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, said method comprising: (a) providing an input signal made up of said L+R signal component and said L-R signal component; (b) detecting from said signal first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude, (c) during said first signal portions receiving and combining said signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information to an output means, (d) during second signal portions other than said first signal portions, receiving at least said L+R signal at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal to produce for said output means a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component.

Claim 54

Independent Claim 193 words

A method to provide an improved FM stereo output, where there is an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of an L signal and an R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, said method comprising: (a) providing an input signal made up of said L+R signal component and said L-R signal component; (b) detecting from said signal first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude, (c) during said first signal portions receiving and combining said signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information to an output means, (d) during second signal portions other than said first signal portions, receiving at least said L+R signal at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal to produce for said output means a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 25 words

The method as recited in claim 51, further comprising diminishing primarily a higher frequency portion of said L-R signal component during said second signal portions.

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method as recited in claim 52, further comprising transmitting a low frequency portion of said L-R component to said output means, during both first and second output modes.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method as recited in claim 51, wherein only increases in amplitude of said signal are detected as abrupt changes in amplitude.

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 23 words

The method as recited in claim 51, wherein both abrupt increases and decreases in the amplitude are detected as abrupt changes in amplitude.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method as recited in claim 51, further comprising receiving said L+R signal component and providing a delayed L+R signal input to produce a delayed L+R output from said output means.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method as recited in claim 56, further comprising producing a first delayed L+R signal input of a shorter delay and a second delayed L+R signal input of a greater delay.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method as recited in claim 57, further comprising controlling amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative signal strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 39 words

The method as recited in claim 58, wherein one of said delayed inputs is at a higher frequency range of the L+R signal component, and the other delayed input is at a lower frequency portion of the L+R input.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 27 words

The method as recited in claim 59, wherein the first delayed input is at said higher frequency, and the second delayed input is at the lower frequency.

Claim 64

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method as recited in claim 56, further comprising controlling amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative signal strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 65

Dependent Claim 45 words

The method as recited in claim 61, further comprising filtering the delayed input to diminish a middle frequency portion of said delayed input relative to low and high frequency portions thereof, so as to provide a modified input which is transmitted to said output means.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 153 words

The method as recited in claim 61, further comprising controlling amplitude of the delayed input in accordance with the amplitude of the L-R signal component relative to the L+R signal component, by: (a) receiving a first input value related to the L+R signal component to produce a first output value related to a log of the first input value, (b) receiving a second input value related to the L-R signal component to produce a second output value related a log of said second input value, (c) subtracting the output values from one another and to produce a third output value related to actual value of the ratio of the first and second input values of the first and second means, (d) directing said third output to increase or decrease amplitude of the delayed input relative to increase or decrease, respectively, of the ratio of the L-R signal component to the L+R signal component.

Claim 67

Dependent Claim 80 words

The method as recited in claim 61, further comprising: (a) detecting a low signal strength condition where signal strength is below a predetermined signal value, (b) detecting a multipath distortion condition where multipath distortion is above a predetermined multipath distortion level, (c) when the signal strength is below said predetermined signal strength level or said multipath distortion is above said predetermined multipath distortion level, receiving said signal components to produce said first or second operating modes from said output means.

Claim 68

Dependent Claim 27 words

The method as recited in claim 64, further comprising initiating a predetermined examination time period to detect said low signal strength condition or said multipath distortion condition.

Claim 69

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method as recited in claim 65, further comprising muting a sound output from said output means during said examination time period.

Claim 70

Dependent Claim 26 words

The method as recited in claim 66, further comprising responding to a station change of said L and R signals to initiate said examination time period.

Claim 71

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method as recited in claim 67, further comprising responding to a muting signal to initiate said examination period in response to a change of station to change said input signal.

Claim 72

Independent Claim 460 words

A method to provide an improved FM stereo output, comprising: (a) providing a first signal input having an L component corresponding to an L signal and an R component corresponding to an R signal, providing a second input comprising an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of the L signal and the R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, (b) providing an output means including an output matrix, and receiving said L+R signal component and a modified L-R signal component to combine said L+R and modified L-R signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and alternatively receiving at least said L+R signal component at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal component to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component, (c) providing switching output means having a first operating condition to receive said L component and said R component from said input means and to transmit these to L and R outputs, respectively, and a second operating condition to receive said first signal input and transmit this to the L and R outputs, (d) detecting first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and transmitting the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portion diminishing said L-R component relative to said L+R component to produce said second output mode, (e) receiving said L+R signal component and providing a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, (f) controlling amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component, (g) causing said switching means to operate in either said first condition or said second condition, by: (1) detecting a low signal strength condition where signal strength is below a predetermined signal value, (2) detecting a multipath distortion condition where multipath distortion is above a predetermined multipath distortion level, (3) causing said output switching means to be in said first condition where said signal strength is above said predetermined signal level and said multipath distortion is below said predetermined multipath distortion level, and causing said switching means to be in the second condition when the signal strength is below said predetermined signal strength level or said multipath distortion is above said predetermined multipath distortion level.

Claim 73

Independent Claim 460 words

A method to provide an improved FM stereo output, comprising: (a) providing a first signal input having an L component corresponding to an L signal and an R component corresponding to an R signal, providing a second input comprising an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of the L signal and the R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, (b) providing an output means including an output matrix, and receiving said L+R signal component and a modified L-R signal component to combine said L+R and modified L-R signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and alternatively receiving at least said L+R signal component at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal component to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component, (c) providing switching output means having a first operating condition to receive said L component and said R component from said input means and to transmit these to L and R outputs, respectively, and a second operating condition to receive said first signal input and transmit this to the L and R outputs, (d) detecting first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and transmitting the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portion diminishing said L-R component relative to said L+R component to produce said second output mode, (e) receiving said L+R signal component and providing a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, (f) controlling amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component, (g) causing said switching means to operate in either said first condition or said second condition, by: (1) detecting a low signal strength condition where signal strength is below a predetermined signal value, (2) detecting a multipath distortion condition where multipath distortion is above a predetermined multipath distortion level, (3) causing said output switching means to be in said first condition where said signal strength is above said predetermined signal level and said multipath distortion is below said predetermined multipath distortion level, and causing said switching means to be in the second condition when the signal strength is below said predetermined signal strength level or said multipath distortion is above said predetermined multipath distortion level.

Claim 74

Dependent Claim 25 words

The method as recited in claim 69, further comprising diminishing primarily a higher frequency portion of said L-R signal component during said second signal portions.

Claim 75

Dependent Claim 29 words

The method as recited in claim 70, further comprising transmitting a low frequency portion of said L-R component to said output means, during both first and second output modes.

Claim 76

Dependent Claim 22 words

The method as recited in claim 69, wherein only increases in amplitude of said signal are detected as abrupt changes in amplitude.

Claim 77

Dependent Claim 23 words

The method as recited in claim 69, wherein both abrupt increases and decreases in the amplitude are detected as abrupt changes in amplitude.

Claim 78

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method as recited in claim 69, further comprising receiving said L+R signal component and providing a delayed L+R signal input to produce a delayed L+R output from said output means.

Claim 79

Dependent Claim 31 words

The method as recited in claim 74, further comprising producing a first delayed L+R signal input of a shorter delay and a second delayed L+R signal input of a greater delay.

Claim 80

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method as recited in claim 75, further comprising controlling amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative signal strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 81

Dependent Claim 39 words

The method as recited in claim 76, wherein one of said delayed inputs is at a higher frequency range of the L+R signal component, and the other delayed input is at a lower frequency portion of the L+R input.

Claim 82

Dependent Claim 27 words

The method as recited in claim 77, wherein the first delayed input is at said higher frequency, and the second delayed input is at the lower frequency.

Claim 83

Dependent Claim 35 words

The method as recited in claim 74, further comprising controlling amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative signal strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 84

Dependent Claim 45 words

The method as recited in claim 79, further comprising filtering the delayed input to diminish a middle frequency portion of said delayed input relative to low and high frequency portions thereof, so as to provide a modified input which is transmitted to said output means.

Claim 85

Dependent Claim 153 words

The method as recited in claim 79, further comprising controlling amplitude of the delayed input in accordance with the amplitude of the L-R signal component relative to the L+R signal component, by: (a) receiving a first input value related to the L+R signal component to produce a first output value related to a log of the first input value, (b) receiving a second input value related to the L-R signal component to produce a second output value related a log of said second input value, (c) subtracting the output values from one another and to produce a third output value related to actual value of the ratio of the first and second input values of the first and second means, (d) directing said third output to increase or decrease amplitude of the delayed input relative to increase or decrease, respectively, of the ratio of the L-R signal component to the L+R signal component.

Claim 86

Independent Claim 367 words

An apparatus to provide an improved FM stereo output, comprising: (a) an input means to provide a first signal input having an L component corresponding to an L signal and an R component corresponding to an R signal, and to provide a second signal input comprising an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of the L signal and the R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, (b) an output means including an output matrix adapted to receive said L+R signal component and a modified L-R signal component and to combine said L+R and modified L-R signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and alternatively receiving at least said L+R signal component at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal component to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component, (c) output switching means having a first operating condition to receive said L component and said R component from said input means and to transmit these to L and R outputs, respectively, and a second operating condition to receive said first signal input and transmit this to the L and R outputs, (d) leading edge detector means to detect first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and transmitting the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portion diminishing said L-R component relative to said L+R component to produce said second output mode, (e) time delay means adapted to receive said L+R signal component and providing a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, (f) time delay control means to control amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 87

Independent Claim 367 words

An apparatus to provide an improved FM stereo output, comprising: (a) an input means to provide a first signal input having an L component corresponding to an L signal and an R component corresponding to an R signal, and to provide a second signal input comprising an L+R signal component corresponding to the sum of the L signal and the R signal, and an L-R signal component corresponding to the difference of the L signal and the R signal, (b) an output means including an output matrix adapted to receive said L+R signal component and a modified L-R signal component and to combine said L+R and modified L-R signal components at respective sufficiently high levels to produce a first output mode where there is a first output component corresponding more to said L signal and a second output component corresponding more to said R signal so as to be able to provide directional information, and alternatively receiving at least said L+R signal component at a sufficiently greater level than said L-R signal component to produce a second output mode where said first and second output components both correspond more closely to said L+R signal component, (c) output switching means having a first operating condition to receive said L component and said R component from said input means and to transmit these to L and R outputs, respectively, and a second operating condition to receive said first signal input and transmit this to the L and R outputs, (d) leading edge detector means to detect first signal portions where there is a more abrupt change of amplitude and transmitting the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level to produce said first output mode, and during second signal portions other than said first signal portion diminishing said L-R component relative to said L+R component to produce said second output mode, (e) time delay means adapted to receive said L+R signal component and providing a delayed L+R signal input to said output means, (f) time delay control means to control amplitude of said delayed L+R signal input in accordance with relative strength of the L-R signal component in comparison to the L+R signal component.

Claim 88

Dependent Claim 32 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 82, wherein said leading edge detector means is arranged to diminish primarily a higher frequency portion of said L-R signal component during said second signal portions.

Claim 89

Dependent Claim 34 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 83, wherein there is a low pass filter to transmit a low frequency portion of said L-R component to said output matrix means, independently of said detector means.

Claim 90

Dependent Claim 72 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 84, said leading edge detector means further comprising amplifier means to receive said L-R signal component and to transmit said L-R signal component to said output matrix means, said detector means being responsive to said abrupt change of amplitude to cause said amplifier means to transmit the L-R signal component at a higher level in response to said detector means detecting said abrupt change of amplitude.

Claim 91

Dependent Claim 69 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 85, further comprising noise control means connected to said output matrix means in parallel with said amplifier means to transmit said L-R signal component to said matrix means, said noise control means having selectively operable switch means to diminish the L-R signal component delivered by said noise control means so as to be able to diminish noise contributed by said L-R signal component.

Claim 92

Dependent Claim 37 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 85, wherein said detector means is responsive primarily to increases in amplitude of said signal to transmit the L-R signal component of said first signal portions at said sufficiently high level.

Claim 93

Dependent Claim 41 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 85, wherein said detector means is responsive to both abrupt increases and decreases in the amplitude of the signal to transmit the L-R signal component of the first signal portions at said sufficiently high level.

Claim 94

Dependent Claim 48 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 82, wherein said time delay means comprises a first time delay device to produce a first delayed L+R signal input of a shorter delay and a second time delay device to produce a second delayed L+R signal input of a greater delay.

Claim 95

Dependent Claim 55 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 89, wherein said time delay means is arranged so that one of said time delay devices produces its delayed input at a higher frequency range of the L+R signal component, and the other time delay device produces the delayed input at a lower frequency portion of the L+R input.

Claim 96

Dependent Claim 37 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 90, wherein the first time delay device produces the shorter delayed input at said higher frequency, and the second time delay device produces the longer delayed input at the lower frequency.

Claim 97

Dependent Claim 55 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 82, further comprising filter means to receive the delayed input from the time delay means and to diminish a middle frequency portion of said time delayed input relative to low and high frequency portions thereof, so as to provide a modified input which is transmitted to said output means.

Claim 98

Dependent Claim 178 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 82, further comprising comparator means to control amplitude of the delayed input in accordance with the amplitude of the L-R signal component relative to the L+R signal component, said comparator comprising: (a) first means to receive a first input value related to the L+R signal component and to produce a first output value related to a log of the first input value, (b) second means to receive a second input value related to the L-R signal component and to produce a second output value related a log of said second input value, (c) third means to subtract the output values from one another and to produce a third output value related to actual value of the ratio of the first and second input values of the first and second means, (d) fourth means to direct said third output to said time delay control means to increase or decrease amplitude of the delayed input relative to increase or decrease, respectively, of the ratio of the L-R signal component to the L+R signal component.

Claim 99

Dependent Claim 111 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 82, wherein said leading edge detector means comprises: (a) capacitor means to receive a value related to said L-R signal component and to transmit a differentiated signal related to rate of change of said L-R signal, (b) signal control means responsive to said differentiated signal to produce a control signal related to said differentiated output, (c) L-R variable transmitting means adapted to transmit said L-R signal component to said output means at a variable output level, and responsive to said control signal to transmit said L-R signal component at a greater or lesser level depending upon magnitude of said differentiated output from said capacitor means.

Claim 100

Dependent Claim 84 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 94, wherein said leading edge detector means further comprises rectifying means to receive said L-R signal component and produce a rectified L-R signal value, amplifier means to receive said rectified L-R signal value to produce said value related to said L-R signal component, means providing a circuit path from said amplifier to said signal control means to transmit to said signal control means a value related to absolute magnitude of the value related to the L-R signal component.

Claim 101

Dependent Claim 183 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 82, wherein said leading edge detector means comprises: (a) rectifying means to receive said L-R signal component and provide a rectified L-R signal, (b) a first amplifier means to receive said rectified L-R signal and produce an L-R value output related to said rectified signal, (c) capacitor means to receive said L-R value output and to produce a differentiated signal related to rate of change of said L-R value output, (d) resistor means bypassing said capacitor to transmit said L-R value output in a path paralleling said capacitor means, (e) L-R signal control means to receive said differentiated signal from the capacitor means and said L-R value output from the resistor means and to produce an L-R control signal responsive to said differentiated output and said L-R value output, (f) second amplifier means to transmit said L-R signal component to said output means at a variable output level, and responsive to said L-R control signal to transmit said L-R signal component at greater or lesser level depending upon magnitude of said differentiated output of said capacitor means.

Claim 102

Dependent Claim 67 words

The apparatus as recited in claim 96, further comprising steering diode means positioned between said capacitor means and said L-R signal control means, in a manner to make said L-R signal control means responsive to both increases and decreases in magnitude of said differentiated signal, whereby said second amplifier means has an increased output related to both increases and decreases in magnitude of the L-R signal component.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1987-06-26	1987-12-26	1988-06-26	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1991-06-26	1991-12-26	1992-06-26	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1995-06-26	1995-12-26	1996-06-26	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

FM Stereo apparatus and method

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