Patent US4455211A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4455211A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Composition suitable for inert electrode
Assignee: Alcoa Corp
•
Filing: 1983-04-11
•
Granted: 1984-06-19
•
Expires: 2003-04-11
Abstract
Abstract An inert electrode composition suitable for use in the production of metal by the electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt is disclosed. The composition is formulated from a body containing metals and metal compounds designed to undergo displacement reaction upon sintering to form an interwoven network. The body also contains at least one non-reactive material, e.g., metal compound or metal. The interwoven network contains at least a metal compound and a second material, both resulting from the displacement reaction, the second material selected from the group consisting of free metal and a metal alloy or a mixture thereof.
Inventors
- 👤 Siba P. Ray
- 👤 Robert A. Rapp
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 13:16
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25C; C25C7/00; C25C7/02; C25C7/025; C25C3/00; C25C3/06; C25C3/08; C25C3/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
127 words
An inert electrode suitable for use in the production of metal by the electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt comprising a composition consisting essentially of: (a) an interwoven network resulting from the displacement reaction of: (1) a first reactant selected from the class consisting of a metal and a metal compound; and (2) a second reactant consisting of at least one metal compound, said first and second reactants being capable of reacting to form an interwoven network consisting essentially of: (1) at least one metal compound; and (2) a second material selected from the group consisting of free metal, a metal alloy, or a mixture thereof; and (b) at least one metal or metal compound which is nonreactive in said displacement reaction.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
127 words
An inert electrode suitable for use in the production of metal by the electrolytic reduction of a metal compound dissolved in a molten salt comprising a composition consisting essentially of: (a) an interwoven network resulting from the displacement reaction of: (1) a first reactant selected from the class consisting of a metal and a metal compound; and (2) a second reactant consisting of at least one metal compound, said first and second reactants being capable of reacting to form an interwoven network consisting essentially of: (1) at least one metal compound; and (2) a second material selected from the group consisting of free metal, a metal alloy, or a mixture thereof; and (b) at least one metal or metal compound which is nonreactive in said displacement reaction.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The inert electrode of claim 1 wherein said nonreactive metal or metal compound increases the conductivity of said electrode.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The electrode composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-reactive metal or metal compound is in the range of 0.1 to 25 vol.%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrode composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-reactive material is provided in powder form and has a particle size of not more than -100 mesh (Tyler Series).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
The electrode composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-reactive material is a metal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
The electrode composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-reactive material is a metal compound.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
The inert electrode of claim 1 wherein at least one of said metal compounds in said interwoven network comprises one or more oxygen-bearing compounds.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The inert electrode of claim 1 wherein at least one of said metal compounds in said interwoven network comprises a metal oxide.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
The inert electrode of claim 1 wherein at least one of said metal compounds in said interwoven network comprises a plurality of metal oxides.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
The inert electrode of claim 6 wherein more than one metal oxide is present in the interwoven network of said composition and at least one of said oxides contains more than one of the metals present in said second material.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
35 words
The inert electrode of claim 1 wherein said metal compound of said interwoven network comprises a plurality of metal compounds, at least one of which includes more than one metal contained in said second material.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The inert electrode of claim 1 wherein 5 to 50 vol.% of said interwoven network consists of said second material.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said interwoven network comprises at least one nickel-iron oxide with a nickel-iron alloy dispersed therethrough.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The composition of claim 13 wherein the nickel-iron oxides have the respective formulas: Ni x Fe 1-x O and Ni x Fe 3-x O 4 .
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
37 words
The composition of claim 14 wherein the ratios of alloy and oxides are: 5 to 50 vol.% alloy, 0 to 30 vol.% Ni x Fe 1-x O and the balance Ni x Fe 3-x O 4 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
47 words
The composition of claim 1 wherein said metal compound of said interwoven network consists essentially of nickel-iron compounds and at least one compound selected from the class consisting of compounds of Al, Mg, Ca, Co, Si, Sn, Ti, Cr, Mn, Zr, Cu, Nb, Ta, Li and Y.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
27 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-reactive metal compound is selected from the group consisting of metal nitrides, fluorides, chlorides, oxynitrides, oxyfluorides and oxychlorides.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
The electrode in accordance with claim 1 wherein the interwoven network is formulated by the reaction sintering of iron, iron oxide and nickel oxide, and the non-reactive metal is at least one of Co, Ni, Cu, Pt, Rh and Ir and alloys thereof.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4399008A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-06-19 | 1987-12-19 | 1988-06-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-06-19 | 1991-12-19 | 1992-06-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-06-19 | 1995-12-19 | 1996-06-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |