Patent US4453443A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4453443A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Pitch stabilized string suspension system for musical instruments
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1982-04-13
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Granted: 1984-06-12
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Expires: 2002-04-13
Abstract
Abstract A pitch stabilized string suspension system which eliminates the detuning while playing by designing the string length between the string break point and the string attachment point as a function of the coefficient of friction and the deflection angle at the break point. Novel designs of the components of the string suspension system, the bridge, the saddle, the nut, and the tuning machine are also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul R. Smith
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 14:41
CPC Classifications
G; G10; G10D; G10D1/00; G10D1/04; G10D1/05; G10D1/08; G10D3/00; G10D3/04; G10D3/12; G10D3/14; G10D3/147; G10D3/153
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 77
Claim 1
Independent Claim
291 words
A string suspension system for a stringed instrument having at least one string with first and second ends and a string suspension system support structure including: first and second attachment means defining two attachment points on said structure for respectively attaching said first and second ends of said string to said structure, first and second string breaking points between and adjacent to respective attachment points, and a bridge, the improvement comprising the length of the string between the various elements of said string suspension system being defined by the following dimensional criterion: that the length represented by one and one-half percent of the length of the string from the first attachment point to the second attachment point exceeds the sum of a first product and a second product; wherein said first product is the product of the length of string from said first string attachment point to said second string break point, the coefficient of friction of said string against said first break point, and the sine of one half of the string deflection angle at said first break point; and wherein said second product is the product of the length of string from said second string attachment point to said second string break point, the coefficient of friction of the string against said second string break point, and the sine of one half of the string deflection angle at said second string break point; wherein said coefficient of friction for said break points is the ratio of the force required to move the string past the break point to the force applied to the break point by the tension in said string; and said bridge includes saddles having said first string breaking point and said first string attachment means thereon.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
291 words
A string suspension system for a stringed instrument having at least one string with first and second ends and a string suspension system support structure including: first and second attachment means defining two attachment points on said structure for respectively attaching said first and second ends of said string to said structure, first and second string breaking points between and adjacent to respective attachment points, and a bridge, the improvement comprising the length of the string between the various elements of said string suspension system being defined by the following dimensional criterion: that the length represented by one and one-half percent of the length of the string from the first attachment point to the second attachment point exceeds the sum of a first product and a second product; wherein said first product is the product of the length of string from said first string attachment point to said second string break point, the coefficient of friction of said string against said first break point, and the sine of one half of the string deflection angle at said first break point; and wherein said second product is the product of the length of string from said second string attachment point to said second string break point, the coefficient of friction of the string against said second string break point, and the sine of one half of the string deflection angle at said second string break point; wherein said coefficient of friction for said break points is the ratio of the force required to move the string past the break point to the force applied to the break point by the tension in said string; and said bridge includes saddles having said first string breaking point and said first string attachment means thereon.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
31 words
The string suspension system of claim 1 wherein said second attachment means further includes a tuning means having a means for clamping the string which said tuning means is to tune.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
The string suspension system and tuning means of claim 2 wherein said structure produces a string deflection angle at said second breakpoint of less than 10 degrees.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
The string suspension system of claim 1 which further includes a roller at a string break point to reduce the coefficient of friction.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The string suspension system of claim 1 wherein each of said saddles having a plurality of strings thereon, each of which has a break point on said saddle.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
The string suspension system and bridge of claim 5 wherein said saddles includes said first string attachment means for attaching said strings thereto.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
The string suspension system and bridge of claim 5 wherein said bridge includes said first string attachment means thereon for attaching said strings thereto.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
175 words
In a string suspension system for a stringed instrument including at least one string having a first and second ends attached to the string suspension system support structure of said instrument; first and second string attachment means on said structure defining a first and second attachment points for attaching the first and second ends of said string to said structure; a string breaking point between said first and second string attachment points; and a bridge, the improvement comprising the length of string between various elements of said suspension system being defined by: one and one-half percent of the length of the string against said breaking point, and the sine of one-half of the string deflection angle at said break point; wherein said coefficient of friction for said break point is the ratio of the force required to move said string past said break point to the force applied to said break point by the tension in said string; and said bridge includes a plurality of saddles, each of which having a plurality of break points.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
175 words
In a string suspension system for a stringed instrument including at least one string having a first and second ends attached to the string suspension system support structure of said instrument; first and second string attachment means on said structure defining a first and second attachment points for attaching the first and second ends of said string to said structure; a string breaking point between said first and second string attachment points; and a bridge, the improvement comprising the length of string between various elements of said suspension system being defined by: one and one-half percent of the length of the string against said breaking point, and the sine of one-half of the string deflection angle at said break point; wherein said coefficient of friction for said break point is the ratio of the force required to move said string past said break point to the force applied to said break point by the tension in said string; and said bridge includes a plurality of saddles, each of which having a plurality of break points.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
32 words
The string suspension system of claim 8 which includes a tuning means on said structure with a means for clamping the said second string end which said tuning means is to tune.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
28 words
The string suspension and tuning means of claim 9 wherein said support structure produces a string deflection angle at said second deflection point of less that 10 degrees.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
The string suspension system of claim 8 which includes a string break point improved by a roller to reduce said coefficient of friction.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
23 words
The string suspension system and bridge of claim 8 wherein said saddles also have the string attachment means for said first string ends.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
The string suspension system and bridge of claim 8 wherein said bridge also has the string attachment means for said first string ends.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
129 words
A string suspension system for a stringed instrument having a string suspension support structure and for supporting and tensioning a plurality of strings having first and second ends, said string suspension system including a first attachment means for attaching the first end of said strings to said structure; a tuning means on said structure which clamps at least one of said plurality of strings; a medium friction nut between said first end and said tuning means so that the length of the string from said tuning means to said nut is less than four percent of the distance from said first attachment means to said second attachment means; and a bridge having a plurality of saddle means, said saddle including means for attaching said first end of said string.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
129 words
A string suspension system for a stringed instrument having a string suspension support structure and for supporting and tensioning a plurality of strings having first and second ends, said string suspension system including a first attachment means for attaching the first end of said strings to said structure; a tuning means on said structure which clamps at least one of said plurality of strings; a medium friction nut between said first end and said tuning means so that the length of the string from said tuning means to said nut is less than four percent of the distance from said first attachment means to said second attachment means; and a bridge having a plurality of saddle means, said saddle including means for attaching said first end of said string.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
66 words
The string suspension system of claim 14 which also includes a bridge which includes said first string attachment means; and a saddle mounted on said bridge, said saddle further including a string breaking point, wherein the length of string from said first attachment means to said breaking point is less that four percent of the distance from said first attachment means to said second attachment means.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
25 words
The string suspension system of claim 15 wherein said string attachment means is adapted to receive strings terminated with a bead affixed to said string.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The string suspension system of claim 14 wherein said saddle includes means for adjusting its height above said bridge.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
27 words
The string suspension system of claim 14 wherein said saddle and said bridge includes means for adjusting the saddle position along the longitudinal axis of said strings.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
44 words
The string suspension system of claim 14 which also includes a bridge element having a plurality of saddles, each of said saddles supporting a plurality of strings, and having an adjustment means thereon for positioning said saddle along the longitudinal axis of said strings.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
The string suspension system of claim 14 which includes a bridge element having a plurality of saddles, each of said saddles having a roller to create a saddle break point with low friction.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
56 words
A bridge element of a string suspension system for a stringed instrument having a plurality of strings comprising a plurality of saddle means on said bridge, each of said saddle means including a string breaking point thereon and means thereon for attaching a string terminated with a bead at a point displaced from said breaking point.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
56 words
A bridge element of a string suspension system for a stringed instrument having a plurality of strings comprising a plurality of saddle means on said bridge, each of said saddle means including a string breaking point thereon and means thereon for attaching a string terminated with a bead at a point displaced from said breaking point.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
26 words
The bridge element of claim 21 wherein said saddle means further includes a height adjustment means for adjusting the height of the string above said bridge.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
30 words
The bridge element of claim 21 further including a length adjusting means attached to said bridge for adjusting the position of said saddle means along the length of the string.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
24 words
The bridge element of claim 21 which further includes a clamping means for clamping said saddles to eliminate any motion perpendicular to said string.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
47 words
The bridge element of claim 21 which further includes a pivoting means to attach said bridge to said instrument for permitting the bridge to rotate around the pivot axis of said pitoting means which is between said strings and said instrument and approximately perpendicular to said strings.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
37 words
The bridge element of claim 25 which further includes a spring means attached to said bridge and the structure of said instrument for providing a force to counter the force placed upon said bridge by said strings.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
28 words
The bridge element of claim 25 which further includes an arm means attached to said bridge to alter the angular position of said bridge around said pivoting axis.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The bridge element of claim 27 wherein said arm means is attached to said bridge by sliding said arm in a hole in said bridge.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
23 words
The bridge element of claim 28 which further includes a friction producing means for impeding the rotation of said arm in said hole.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
27 words
The bridge element of claim 21 wherein said saddle has a string breaking point and said breaking point is less than one inch from said attachment point.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
The bridge element of claim 21 wherein said saddle includes a roller as said breaking point.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
77 words
A bridge element of a string suspension system for a stringed instrument having a plurality of strings comprising at least two saddle means mounted on said bridge, at least one of said saddle means supporting a plurality of strings, and having adjustment means attached thereto for individually positioning said saddle along the length of said strings and for adjusting the angle that said saddle makes with the axis of said strings in the plane of said strings.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
77 words
A bridge element of a string suspension system for a stringed instrument having a plurality of strings comprising at least two saddle means mounted on said bridge, at least one of said saddle means supporting a plurality of strings, and having adjustment means attached thereto for individually positioning said saddle along the length of said strings and for adjusting the angle that said saddle makes with the axis of said strings in the plane of said strings.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
39 words
The bridge element of claim 32, wherein said saddle is in the approximate shape of the fingerboard of said instrument and said bridge contains tee slots to accomodate the adjustement of the saddles along the length of the string.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bridge element of claim 32 wherein the height of said strings above said bridge is fixed.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
38 words
The bridge element of claim 32 which further includes attachment means connected to said bridge for attaching said bridge to said instrument and said attachment means permitting the adjustment of the height of the bridge above said instrument.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
28 words
The bridge element of claim 32 wherein said saddle further includes string attachment means for attaching the first end of strings terminiated with a bead to said saddle.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
17 words
The bridge element of claim 32 wherein said saddle includes a roller thereon for supporting a string.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
47 words
The bridge element of claim 32 which further includes a pivoting means to attach said bridge to said instrument for permitting the bridge to rotate around the pivot axis of said pitoting means which is between said strings and said instrument and approximately perpendicular to said strings.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
37 words
The bridge element of claim 38 which further includes a spring means attached to said bridge and the structure of said instrument for providing a force to counter the force placed upon said bridge by said strings.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
28 words
The bridge element of claim 38 which further includes an arm means attached to said bridge to alter the angular position of said bridge around said pivoting axis.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
25 words
The bridge element of claim 40 wherein said arm means is attached to said bridge by sliding said arm in a hole in said bridge.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
23 words
The bridge element of claim 41 which further includes a friction producing means for impeding the rotation of said arm in said hole.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
83 words
For a stringed instrument having a plurality of strings with first and second ends supported by a string suspension system, a string suspension system having a bridge which has at least two saddles mounted on said bridge, said saddles supporting a plurality of strings, and having an adjustment means attached thereto for individually positioning said saddles along the length of said strings and for adjusting the angle that said saddle makes with the axis of said strings in the plane of said strings.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
83 words
For a stringed instrument having a plurality of strings with first and second ends supported by a string suspension system, a string suspension system having a bridge which has at least two saddles mounted on said bridge, said saddles supporting a plurality of strings, and having an adjustment means attached thereto for individually positioning said saddles along the length of said strings and for adjusting the angle that said saddle makes with the axis of said strings in the plane of said strings.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
36 words
A string suspension system of claim 43 further including a low-friction nut mounted on said instrument and a rotating tuning peg mounted on said instrument wherein said tuning peg clamps one of said plurality of strings.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
36 words
The string suspension system of claim 44 wherein said low-friction nut includes a roller for supporting at least one of a plurality of strings and for rotating with the motion of the string across said nut.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
27 words
The string suspension system of claim 43 which further includes a plurality of saddles, each including a roller to create a saddle breaking point with low friction.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
119 words
The string suspension system of claim 43 which further includes a medium friction nut on said instrument and wherein said bridge includes a first attachment means for attaching said first end of said strings to said bridge, said saddle includes a string breaking point for at least one string and said suspension system includes a second string attaching means mounted to said instrument for attaching said second end of said strings to said instrument wherein the length of string from said first attachment means to said breaking point plus the length of string from said nut to said second attachment means is less that four percent of the distance from said first attachment means to said second attachment means.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
27 words
The string suspension system of claim 47 wherein said first string attachment means is adapted to receive said first end of said strings terminated with a bead.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
25 words
The string suspension system of claim 43 wherein said bridge includes a plurality of saddles wherein each saddle includes means for attaching a string thereto.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
116 words
A stringed musical instrument having at least one string, a string suspension system, and a string suspension support structure, wherein said suspension system comprises: a rotating tuning peg including a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having at least one saddle mounted thereon; a low-friction nut on said structure between said rotating tuning peg and said saddle; the saddle being adjustable along the longitudinal axis of the string and including a string breaking point and a string attachment means for a string terminated in a bead at a point displaced from said breaking point; and a hole in said bridge for receiving a tremelo arm by sliding said tremolo arm into said hole.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
116 words
A stringed musical instrument having at least one string, a string suspension system, and a string suspension support structure, wherein said suspension system comprises: a rotating tuning peg including a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having at least one saddle mounted thereon; a low-friction nut on said structure between said rotating tuning peg and said saddle; the saddle being adjustable along the longitudinal axis of the string and including a string breaking point and a string attachment means for a string terminated in a bead at a point displaced from said breaking point; and a hole in said bridge for receiving a tremelo arm by sliding said tremolo arm into said hole.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
15 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 50 wherein said low-friction nut is a roller nut.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
31 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 50 wherein said saddle is also adjustable in height above said bridge to adjust the height of the strings above the structure of said instrument.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
35 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 50 wherein said bridge is adjustable in height with respect to the structure of said instrument to adjust the height of the strings above the structure of said instrument.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
25 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 50 wherein said bridge contains a friction device to impede the rotation of said tremolo arm in said hole.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
100 words
A stringed musical instrument having a plurality of strings, a string suspension system, and a string suspension system support structure; wherein said suspension system comprises: a tuning peg with a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having a string attachment means thereon and a plurality of saddles thereon, said saddle providing a break point thereon for at least one string, and means for positioning said saddle at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said string in the plane of said saddle; and a low-friction nut on said body between said bridge and said tuning peg.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
100 words
A stringed musical instrument having a plurality of strings, a string suspension system, and a string suspension system support structure; wherein said suspension system comprises: a tuning peg with a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having a string attachment means thereon and a plurality of saddles thereon, said saddle providing a break point thereon for at least one string, and means for positioning said saddle at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said string in the plane of said saddle; and a low-friction nut on said body between said bridge and said tuning peg.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
13 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 55 wherein said low-friction nut contains rollers.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
18 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 53 wherein each saddle includes break points for a plurality of strings.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
116 words
A stringed musical instrument having a plurality of strings, a string suspension system, and a string suspension system support structure; wherein said suspension system comprises: a tuning peg with a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having a string attachment means thereon and a plurality of saddles thereon, said saddle providing a break point thereon for at least one string, and means for positioning said saddle at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said string in the plane of said saddle; and a nut on said structure between said bridge and said tuning peg and wherein said structure produces a string deflection angle at said nut of less than 10 degrees.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
116 words
A stringed musical instrument having a plurality of strings, a string suspension system, and a string suspension system support structure; wherein said suspension system comprises: a tuning peg with a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having a string attachment means thereon and a plurality of saddles thereon, said saddle providing a break point thereon for at least one string, and means for positioning said saddle at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of said string in the plane of said saddle; and a nut on said structure between said bridge and said tuning peg and wherein said structure produces a string deflection angle at said nut of less than 10 degrees.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
18 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 58 wherein each saddle includes break points for a plurality of strings.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
24 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 58 wherein said nut has a coefficient of friction with respect to said strings of less than 1.0.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
98 words
A stringed musical instrument having at least one string, a string suspension system, and a string suspension system support structure, wherein said suspension system comprises: a rotating tuning peg including a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having at least one roller saddle mounted thereon; a low friction nut on said structure between said rotating tuning peg and said saddle; a string extending from said tuning peg across said low friction nut and roller saddle and terminating on said bridge and having a deflection angle at said low friction nut, of less than 10 degrees.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
98 words
A stringed musical instrument having at least one string, a string suspension system, and a string suspension system support structure, wherein said suspension system comprises: a rotating tuning peg including a string clamping means mounted on said structure; a bridge having at least one roller saddle mounted thereon; a low friction nut on said structure between said rotating tuning peg and said saddle; a string extending from said tuning peg across said low friction nut and roller saddle and terminating on said bridge and having a deflection angle at said low friction nut, of less than 10 degrees.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
31 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 61 wherein said saddle is also adjustable in height above said bridge to adjust the height of the strings above the structure of said instrument.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
35 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 61 wherein said bridge is adjustable in height with respect to the structure of said instrument to adjust the height of the strings above the structure of said guitar.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
28 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 61 wherein said bridge is equipped with a hole to receive a tremolo arm by sliding said tremolo arm into said hole.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
25 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 61 wherein said bridge contains a friction device to impede the rotation of said tremolo arm in said hole.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
24 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 61 wherein said nut has a coefficient of friction with respect to said strings of less than 1.0.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
19 words
The stringed musical instrument of claim 61 wherein said saddle is adjustable along the longitudinal axis of said string.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-06-12 | 1987-12-12 | 1988-06-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-06-12 | 1991-12-12 | 1992-06-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-06-12 | 1995-12-12 | 1996-06-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |