Patent US4452910A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4452910A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Chromium expanded smectite clay
Assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
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Filing: 1982-06-15
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Granted: 1984-06-05
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Expires: 2002-06-15
Abstract
Abstract Expanded layer, smectite clay having a regular pore structure suitable for catalytic uses and a process for preparing said expanded clay by treating a suspension of commercial smectite clay with a chromium-oligomer solution and subjecting the treated clay to a stabilization heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.
Inventors
- 👤 P. Donald Hopkins
- 👤 Bernard L. Meyers
- 👤 Donna M. Van Duch
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 13:55
CPC Classifications
B; B01; B01J; B01J23/00; B01J23/16; B01J23/24; B01J23/26; B01J21/00; B01J21/16
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
98 words
A process for the preparation of a stabilized, porous expanded layer, smectite clays comprising: (a) contacting an aqueous slurry of smectite clay with an aged chromium-oligomer solution, (b) separating a product clay from the mixture of step (a), (c) drying said product clay, and (d) stabilizing said product clay by an inert gas atmosphere heat treatment including a temperature above about 200° C. to effect the production of a stabilized clay, which when contacted with air at a temperature above 300° C. for at least two hours a majority of said clay is maintained in an expanded state.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
98 words
A process for the preparation of a stabilized, porous expanded layer, smectite clays comprising: (a) contacting an aqueous slurry of smectite clay with an aged chromium-oligomer solution, (b) separating a product clay from the mixture of step (a), (c) drying said product clay, and (d) stabilizing said product clay by an inert gas atmosphere heat treatment including a temperature above about 200° C. to effect the production of a stabilized clay, which when contacted with air at a temperature above 300° C. for at least two hours a majority of said clay is maintained in an expanded state.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said inert gas atmosphere is nitrogen.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process of claim 1 wherein said chromium-oligomer solution is prepared by reacting a chromium-salt solution with a hydroxyl ion source.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
The process of claim 3 wherein said hydroxylion source is concentrated ammonia.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 3 or 4 wherein said chromium salt is chromium nitrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said chromium-oligomer solution is aged at least 2 minutes at room temperature.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 5 wherein said chromium-oligomer solution has a preferred concentration of 6 to 72 grams chromium nitrate per liter of said oligomer solution.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
104 words
A process for the preparation of a stabilized, porous expanded layer, bentonite clay comprising: (a) contacting an aqueous slurry of bentonite clay with an aged chromium-oligomer solution prepared by reacting chromium nitrate with concentrated ammonia, (b) separating a product bentonite clay from step (a), (c) drying said product bentonite clay and (d) stabilizing said product by an inert gas atmosphere heat treatment at a temperature above about 200° C. to effect the production of a stabilized clay, which when contacted with air at a temperature above 300° C. for at least two hours a majority of said clay is maintained in an expanded state.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
104 words
A process for the preparation of a stabilized, porous expanded layer, bentonite clay comprising: (a) contacting an aqueous slurry of bentonite clay with an aged chromium-oligomer solution prepared by reacting chromium nitrate with concentrated ammonia, (b) separating a product bentonite clay from step (a), (c) drying said product bentonite clay and (d) stabilizing said product by an inert gas atmosphere heat treatment at a temperature above about 200° C. to effect the production of a stabilized clay, which when contacted with air at a temperature above 300° C. for at least two hours a majority of said clay is maintained in an expanded state.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 8 further including stabilizing said product bentonite clay by heating to at least 500° C. in a nitrogen-gas atmosphere.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
109 words
A porous catalytic material comprising, a smectite clay having expanded molecular layers, a multiplicity of chromium-base "pillars" interposed between the molecular layers of said smectite clay, said chromium-base "pillars" maintaining the spacing of said expanded molecular layers at a temperature of at least 300° C. in an air atmosphere for 2 hours wherein said material having been produced by a process comprising: (a) contacting an aqueous slurry of smectite clay with an aged chromium-oligomer solution, (b) separating a product clay from the mixture of step (a), (c) drying product clay, and (d) stabilizing product clay by an inert gas atmosphere heat treatment including a temperature above about 200° C.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
109 words
A porous catalytic material comprising, a smectite clay having expanded molecular layers, a multiplicity of chromium-base "pillars" interposed between the molecular layers of said smectite clay, said chromium-base "pillars" maintaining the spacing of said expanded molecular layers at a temperature of at least 300° C. in an air atmosphere for 2 hours wherein said material having been produced by a process comprising: (a) contacting an aqueous slurry of smectite clay with an aged chromium-oligomer solution, (b) separating a product clay from the mixture of step (a), (c) drying product clay, and (d) stabilizing product clay by an inert gas atmosphere heat treatment including a temperature above about 200° C.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The porous catalytic material of claim 10 wherein said smectite clay is bentonite clay.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
The porous catalytic material of claim 11 wherein the (001) planes of said expanded molecular layers are spaced apart less than 15.4 angstroms.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
The porous catalytic material of claim 12 wherein the surface area is between 44 and 305 m 2 /gram.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4060480A
Cited
US4216188A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-06-05 | 1987-12-05 | 1988-06-05 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-06-05 | 1991-12-05 | 1992-06-05 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-12-05 | 1996-06-05 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |