Patent US4450530A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4450530A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Sensorimotor coordinator
Assignee: New York University New York University Medical Center An Educational Corp Of Ny
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Filing: 1981-07-27
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Granted: 1984-05-22
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Expires: 2001-07-27
Abstract
Abstract An information system that enables a higher dimensional physical execution of an object than it is physically measured by a sensory apparatus, using oblique systems of coordinates for processing information in covariant vectorial form and providing output information in contravariant vectorial form.
Inventors
- 👤 Rodolfo R. Llinas
- 👤 Andras J. Pellionisz
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 21:54
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06G; G06G7/00; G06G7/48; G06G7/60
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
104 words
An information processing system to coordinate sensory input signals with motor-effector means, using oblique systems of coordinates for processing sensory input information in covariant vectorial form and providing output motor-effector information in contravariant vectorial form, comprising: (a) covariant embedding means for expressing sensory input signals in an n-dimensional vector by N components in a covariant vectorial expression, where N is greater than n; (b) covariant-contravariant transformation means for obtaining contravariant expressions from said covariant vectorial expression, said transformation means expressible as a tensorial transformation; and (c) contravariant vectorial expression means for providing output information to a motor effector means relative to an external invariant.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
104 words
An information processing system to coordinate sensory input signals with motor-effector means, using oblique systems of coordinates for processing sensory input information in covariant vectorial form and providing output motor-effector information in contravariant vectorial form, comprising: (a) covariant embedding means for expressing sensory input signals in an n-dimensional vector by N components in a covariant vectorial expression, where N is greater than n; (b) covariant-contravariant transformation means for obtaining contravariant expressions from said covariant vectorial expression, said transformation means expressible as a tensorial transformation; and (c) contravariant vectorial expression means for providing output information to a motor effector means relative to an external invariant.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
An information processing system according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the covariant-contravariant transformer is expressible as a metric tensor.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
The information processing system of claim 1, comprising a sufficient plurality of functional elements to provide an over-complete number of said elements relative to the minimum number required to process all input and output information.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
119 words
A device for coordinating sensory input signals with a higher dimensional motor-effector means, and compensating for any time delays in the sensory input system comprising: (a) a covariant sensory input embedding system operating upon said sensory input signals; (b) a temporal extrapolation system to compensate for any time delays in said sensory input system; (c) a covariant-contravariant transformation matrix to provide physical execution signals expressed in sensory frames of reference; (d) a covariant embedding system operating upon said physical execution signals to provide motor-intention signals expressed in a motor coordinate system; (e) a temporal extrapolating system to compensate for any time delays in the embedding system; and (f) a covariant-contravariant transformation matrix to provide information to a motor-effector means.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
119 words
A device for coordinating sensory input signals with a higher dimensional motor-effector means, and compensating for any time delays in the sensory input system comprising: (a) a covariant sensory input embedding system operating upon said sensory input signals; (b) a temporal extrapolation system to compensate for any time delays in said sensory input system; (c) a covariant-contravariant transformation matrix to provide physical execution signals expressed in sensory frames of reference; (d) a covariant embedding system operating upon said physical execution signals to provide motor-intention signals expressed in a motor coordinate system; (e) a temporal extrapolating system to compensate for any time delays in the embedding system; and (f) a covariant-contravariant transformation matrix to provide information to a motor-effector means.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
A sensory motor device according to claim 4, comprising an additional temporal extrapolation system to compensate for any time delays in the motor effector means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
28 words
A sensory motor device according to either of claims 4 or 5, wherein the operation of the coordinate-covariant and coordinate transformation matrix is expressible as a tensorial transformation.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
24 words
A sensory motor device according to either of claims 4 or 5, wherein a temporal extrapolation system operates according to a Taylor series expansion.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
37 words
A sensory motor device according to either of claims 4 or 5, wherein the number of its components is over-complete with respect to the minimum number required to coordinate the sensory input signals and motor effector means.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
74 words
A method of processing information to coordinate sensory input signals with motor-effector means using oblique systems of coordinates, comprising the steps of: (a) embedding sensory input information in the form of a covariant vector whereby an n-dimensional vector is expressed by N components, where N is greater than n; and (b) transforming the covariant vector to a contravariant vector and expressing output information in the form of said contravariant vector to a motor-effector means.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
74 words
A method of processing information to coordinate sensory input signals with motor-effector means using oblique systems of coordinates, comprising the steps of: (a) embedding sensory input information in the form of a covariant vector whereby an n-dimensional vector is expressed by N components, where N is greater than n; and (b) transforming the covariant vector to a contravariant vector and expressing output information in the form of said contravariant vector to a motor-effector means.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
68 words
The method of claim 9, wherein the step of transforming a covariant vector to a contravariant vector is carried out by a process symbolically expressed by v n =g nn' ·v n' , wherein v n is a covariant vector in n dimensions, v n' is a contravariant vector in n' dimensions, and g nn' is a metric tensor in contravariant form comprising a matrix of n×n' elements.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 9, wherein the transforming step is expressible as a tensorial transformation.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
89 words
A method of coordinating a sensory input signal with motor effector means, comprising: (a) embedding a sensory input signal in the form of a covariant vector in an oblique coordinate system, whereby an n-dimensional vector is expressed by N components, where N is greater than n; (b) temporarily extrapolating the covariant vectors to compensate for any time delays in the sensory input system; (c) transforming the covariant vector to a contravariant vector, thereby producing a contravariant output vector; and (d) activating the motor-effector means with the contravariant output vector.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
89 words
A method of coordinating a sensory input signal with motor effector means, comprising: (a) embedding a sensory input signal in the form of a covariant vector in an oblique coordinate system, whereby an n-dimensional vector is expressed by N components, where N is greater than n; (b) temporarily extrapolating the covariant vectors to compensate for any time delays in the sensory input system; (c) transforming the covariant vector to a contravariant vector, thereby producing a contravariant output vector; and (d) activating the motor-effector means with the contravariant output vector.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
16 words
The method according to claim 12, wherein the transforming step is expressible as a tensorial transformation.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
63 words
The method according to either of claims 12 or 13, wherein the transforming step is carried out as symbolically expressed by v n =g nn' ·v n' , wherein v n is a covariant vector in n dimensions, v n' is a contravariant vector in n' dimensions, and g nn' is a metric tensor in contravariant form comprising a matrix of n×n' elements.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
22 words
The method according to either of claims 12 or 13, wherein the temporal extrapolating step operates according to a Taylor series expansion.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-05-22 | 1987-11-21 | 1988-05-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-05-22 | 1991-11-21 | 1992-05-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-05-22 | 1995-11-21 | 1996-05-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |