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US4447301A
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Sonic resonator control and method for determining component concentration in multiple component molten liquids
Assignee: United States, ENERGY THE, Department of
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Filing: 1982-10-29
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Granted: 1984-05-08
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Expires: 2002-10-29
Abstract
Abstract This invention teaches a control to be used in smelting aluminum by the electrolysis breakdown of alumina (A1 2 O 3 ) in a molten electrolyte heated to approximately 950°-1000° C. The invention provides a sonic resonator and control that can accurately detect the resonant frequency of the resonator in the molten electrolyte. The resonator preferably is made with tubular side wall 1/4 of the sonic wavelength, or is a quarter wave resonator. A wave generator inputs a signal having a range of frequencies that includes the resonant frequency, so that a peak resonant output at the resonant frequency can be detected on an oscilloscope or like detector. This instantaneous resonant frequency is then checked against an accurate data base correlating the resonant frequencies of the resonator in the electrolyte at specific alumina concentrations normally experienced throughout the electrolysis cycle. The electrolysis cycle can thus be controlled and recharged at any predetermined low alumina concentration greater than where the anode effect phase of the cycle normally might begin.
Inventors
- 👤 Sin-Yan Shen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 12:59
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N29/00; G01N29/02; G01N29/036; C; C25; C25C; C25C3/00; C25C3/06; C25C3/20; G01H; G01H13/00; G01N2291/00; G01N2291/02; G01N2291/028; G01N2291/02809
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
195 words
For use in smelting aluminum by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte at temperatures between 950° and 1000° C., where alumina would normally start at 6-7 wt.% concentration of the electrolyte and decline to 2.2-0.5 wt.% concentration near the end of the cycle where an anode effect would begin, a control for accurately determining when a predetermined alumina concentration of the order of 2.7-2.5 wt.% is reached to provide for recharging the electrolyte with alumina before any anode effort might begin, comprising a sonic resonator submerged in the electrolyte, a transducer coupled to the resonator, a wave generator for exciting the transducer and resonator throughout a range of frequencies through and including the resonant frequency of the resonator in the electrolyte, means for detecting the sonic signal from the excited resonator and particularly for isolating the resonant frequency, and means including a data base for correlating the resonant frequency and the alumina concentration throughout the range of alumina concentrations encountered in the smelting cycle, whereby periodic repeated findings of the resonant frequency effectively can provide the instantaneous alumina concentrations during the smelting cycle and specifically can identify when said alumina concentration reaches said predetermined alumina concentration.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
195 words
For use in smelting aluminum by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte at temperatures between 950° and 1000° C., where alumina would normally start at 6-7 wt.% concentration of the electrolyte and decline to 2.2-0.5 wt.% concentration near the end of the cycle where an anode effect would begin, a control for accurately determining when a predetermined alumina concentration of the order of 2.7-2.5 wt.% is reached to provide for recharging the electrolyte with alumina before any anode effort might begin, comprising a sonic resonator submerged in the electrolyte, a transducer coupled to the resonator, a wave generator for exciting the transducer and resonator throughout a range of frequencies through and including the resonant frequency of the resonator in the electrolyte, means for detecting the sonic signal from the excited resonator and particularly for isolating the resonant frequency, and means including a data base for correlating the resonant frequency and the alumina concentration throughout the range of alumina concentrations encountered in the smelting cycle, whereby periodic repeated findings of the resonant frequency effectively can provide the instantaneous alumina concentrations during the smelting cycle and specifically can identify when said alumina concentration reaches said predetermined alumina concentration.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
A control combination according to claim 1, wherein the transducer is formed of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
A control combination according to claim 1, wherein the transducer is formed of strontium pyroniobate (Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7 ).
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
A control combination according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is formed of titanium diboride (TiB 2 ).
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
47 words
A control combination according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is formed as a tube having one closed end and having cylindrical side walls formed precisely at 1/4 the length of an anticipated wavelength of a sonic impulse through the electrolyte excited at an approximately known frequency.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
59 words
A control combination according to claim 3, wherein the resonator is formed with the cylindrical side walls on the order of 1/4-1 centimeter length, and wherein an exciting frequency in the range of 100 KHz will produce an anticipated resonant condition of the resonator in the electrolyte for the alumina concentration in the range between 7 and 0.5 wt.%.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
180 words
In the smelting of aluminum by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte at temperatures between 950° and 1000° C., where alumina would normally start at 6-7 wt.% concentration of the electrolyte and decline to 2.2-0.5 wt.% concentration near the end of the cycle where an anode effect would begin, a method for accurately determining when a predetermined alumina concentration of the order of 2.7-2.5 wt.% is reached to provide for recharging the electrolyte with alumina before any anode effort might actually begin, comprising the steps of submerging a sonic resonator in the electrolyte at a representative level thereof, periodically exciting the resonator throughout a range of frequencies through and including the resonant frequency of the resonator in the electrolyte, detecting for each excitation of the resonator the instantaneous resonant frequency thereof, correlating this against a data base calibration of the resonator at known alumina concentration throughout the smelting cycle, whereby the instantaneous resonant frequency effectively can provide the instantaneous alumina concentrations during the smelting cycle so as to allow the identification thereof when said alumina concentration reaches said predetermined alumina concentration.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
180 words
In the smelting of aluminum by electrolysis of a molten electrolyte at temperatures between 950° and 1000° C., where alumina would normally start at 6-7 wt.% concentration of the electrolyte and decline to 2.2-0.5 wt.% concentration near the end of the cycle where an anode effect would begin, a method for accurately determining when a predetermined alumina concentration of the order of 2.7-2.5 wt.% is reached to provide for recharging the electrolyte with alumina before any anode effort might actually begin, comprising the steps of submerging a sonic resonator in the electrolyte at a representative level thereof, periodically exciting the resonator throughout a range of frequencies through and including the resonant frequency of the resonator in the electrolyte, detecting for each excitation of the resonator the instantaneous resonant frequency thereof, correlating this against a data base calibration of the resonator at known alumina concentration throughout the smelting cycle, whereby the instantaneous resonant frequency effectively can provide the instantaneous alumina concentrations during the smelting cycle so as to allow the identification thereof when said alumina concentration reaches said predetermined alumina concentration.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
124 words
A control for determining the relative wt.% concentration in a specific range of interest of one component in a multiple component molten liquid mixture, comprising a quarter-wave sonic resonator submerged in the liquid mixture, a transducer coupled to the resonator, a wave generator for exciting the transducer and resonator throughout a range of frequencies through and including the resonant frequency of the resonator in the liquid mixture, means for detecting the sonic signal from the excited resonator and particularly for isolating the resonant frequency, and means for comparing this resonant frequency in a data base correlating the resonant frequency and the component concentration throughout said specific range of interest operable thereby to provide the instantaneous relative wt.% concentration of the component in the mixture.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
124 words
A control for determining the relative wt.% concentration in a specific range of interest of one component in a multiple component molten liquid mixture, comprising a quarter-wave sonic resonator submerged in the liquid mixture, a transducer coupled to the resonator, a wave generator for exciting the transducer and resonator throughout a range of frequencies through and including the resonant frequency of the resonator in the liquid mixture, means for detecting the sonic signal from the excited resonator and particularly for isolating the resonant frequency, and means for comparing this resonant frequency in a data base correlating the resonant frequency and the component concentration throughout said specific range of interest operable thereby to provide the instantaneous relative wt.% concentration of the component in the mixture.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-05-08 | 1987-11-07 | 1988-05-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-05-08 | 1991-11-07 | 1992-05-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-05-08 | 1995-11-07 | 1996-05-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |