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US4436946A
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Preparation of propylene and butylene dimers using palladium cyanide as catalyst
Assignee: Shell USA Inc
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Filing: 1982-11-19
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Granted: 1984-03-13
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Expires: 2002-11-19
Abstract
Abstract This invention is a process for the selective conversion of propylene and the n-butylenes to their dimers, in the presence of a heterogeneous palladium cyanide catalyst. The product dimers are predominantly of straight-chain structure.
Inventors
- 👤 Edgar J. Smutny
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 19:46
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C2/00; C07C2/02; C07C2/04; C07C2/06; C07C2/08; C07C2/14; C07C2/20; C07C2/26; C07C2527/00; C07C2527/06; C07C2527/08; C07C2527/12; C07C2527/1206; C07C2527/24; C07C2527/26; Y; Y02; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/50; Y02P20/52
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
94 words
A process for the selective dimerization of propylene and/or n-butylenes which comprises steps for (a) contacting under mechanical agitation an olefin reactant selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, and mixtures thereof with a heterogeneous palladium cyanide catalyst at a temperature in the range from about 50° C. to 150° C., the quantity of said palladium cyanide being between about 0.01 and 10 percent by weight calculated on the weight of olefin reactant, to produce a reaction product solution containing olefin reactant dimers, and (b) recovering said dimers from said product solution.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
94 words
A process for the selective dimerization of propylene and/or n-butylenes which comprises steps for (a) contacting under mechanical agitation an olefin reactant selected from the group consisting of propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, and mixtures thereof with a heterogeneous palladium cyanide catalyst at a temperature in the range from about 50° C. to 150° C., the quantity of said palladium cyanide being between about 0.01 and 10 percent by weight calculated on the weight of olefin reactant, to produce a reaction product solution containing olefin reactant dimers, and (b) recovering said dimers from said product solution.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 1, wherein the contact between olefin reactant and palladium cyanide catalyst is carried out in a reaction mixture essentially free of added reaction solvent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 2, wherein the olefin reactant is propylene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 3, wherein the quantity of palladium cyanide is between about 0.1 and 6 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of olefin reactant.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 4, wherein the quantity of palladium cyanide is between about 0.5 and 4 percent by weight, calculated on the weight of olefin reactant.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, or claim 5, wherein the contact between olefin reactant and palladium cyanide catalyst is carried out in the presence of water or an acid as a reaction accelerator.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process of claim 6, wherein the accelerator is hydrofluoric acid in a quantity between about 5 and 100%w calculated on palladium cyanide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, or claim 5, wherein the catalyst comprises palladium cyanide on an essentially inert solid support.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
11 words
The process of claim 8, wherein the support is platinum cyanide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 8, wherein the catalyst is prepared by ball milling the palladium cyanide with the inert support.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 9, wherein the catalyst is prepared by ball milling the palladium cyanide with the inert support.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3758626A
Cited
US3853786A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-03-13 | 1987-09-12 | 1988-03-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-03-13 | 1991-09-12 | 1992-03-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-03-13 | 1995-09-12 | 1996-03-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |