US4432800A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Beneficiating kiln dusts utilized in pozzolanic reactions
Assignee: N Viro Energy Systems Ltd
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Filing: 1982-08-16
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Granted: 1984-02-21
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Expires: 2002-08-16
Abstract
Abstract The method of beneficiating kiln dusts which has insufficient reactive properties to produce desired pozzolanic reactions which method comprises adding small amounts of a material selected from the group consisting of CaO, calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. The beneficiated dusts can be utilized with fly ash or fly ash and a filler to produce pozzolanic reactions and provide a durable mass.
Inventors
- 👤 William A. Kneller
- 👤 John P. Nicholson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-07 13:44
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B18/00; C04B18/04; C04B18/16; C04B18/162; Y; Y02; Y02W; Y02W30/00; Y02W30/50; Y02W30/91; Y10; Y10S; Y10S106/00; Y10S106/01
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 24
Claim 1
Independent Claim
115 words
A mixture consisting essentially of pozzolan, kiln dust, a filler, and a small amount of material selected from the group comprising calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, which through pozzolanic reactions produces a durable mass, the pozzolan comprising between about 6 and 24% by dry weight, the kiln dust comprising between 4 and 16% by dry weight, the filler comprising between about 60 to 90% by dry weight, the material selected from the group consisting of less than 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
115 words
A mixture consisting essentially of pozzolan, kiln dust, a filler, and a small amount of material selected from the group comprising calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, which through pozzolanic reactions produces a durable mass, the pozzolan comprising between about 6 and 24% by dry weight, the kiln dust comprising between 4 and 16% by dry weight, the filler comprising between about 60 to 90% by dry weight, the material selected from the group consisting of less than 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
42 words
The mixture set forth in claim 1 wherein the material selected from the group consists of about 0.75% to 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of about 0.75% to 2% calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxize.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The mixture set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
14 words
The mixture set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein the filler comprises aggregate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
14 words
The mixture set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein the filler comprises sludge.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The mixture set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash and the filler comprises aggregate.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
The mixture set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash and the filler comprises sludge.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
116 words
The method of making a durable mass which comprises mixing kiln dust, pozzolan, a filler, and a material selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, and water, and permitting the mixture to react at ambient temperatures to produce a durable mass the pozzolan comprising between about 6 and 24% by dry weight, the kiln dust comprising between 4 and 16% by dry weight, the filler comprising between about 60 and 90% by dry weight, the material selected from the group consisting of less than 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
116 words
The method of making a durable mass which comprises mixing kiln dust, pozzolan, a filler, and a material selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide, and water, and permitting the mixture to react at ambient temperatures to produce a durable mass the pozzolan comprising between about 6 and 24% by dry weight, the kiln dust comprising between 4 and 16% by dry weight, the filler comprising between about 60 and 90% by dry weight, the material selected from the group consisting of less than 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method set forth in claim 8 wherein the material selected from the group consists of about 0.75-1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of about 0.75-2% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and of less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method set forth in claim 8 or 9 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method set forth in claim 8 or 9 wherein the filler comprises aggregate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method set forth in claim 8 or 9 wherein the filler comprises sludge.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 8 or 9 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash and the filler comprises aggregate.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 8 or 9 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash and the filler comprises sludge.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
131 words
The method of making a durable mass which comprises conditioning kiln dust by adding water, storing the kiln dust, and thereafter mixing the kiln dust, pozzolan, a filler, and a material selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and water, and permitting the mixture to react to ambient temperatures to produce a hard, strong, durable mass, the pozzolan comprising between about 6 and 2.4% by dry weight, the kiln dust comprising between 4 and 16% by dry weight, the filer comprising between about 60 to 90% by dry weight, the material selected from the group consisting of less than 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
131 words
The method of making a durable mass which comprises conditioning kiln dust by adding water, storing the kiln dust, and thereafter mixing the kiln dust, pozzolan, a filler, and a material selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, and water, and permitting the mixture to react to ambient temperatures to produce a hard, strong, durable mass, the pozzolan comprising between about 6 and 2.4% by dry weight, the kiln dust comprising between 4 and 16% by dry weight, the filer comprising between about 60 to 90% by dry weight, the material selected from the group consisting of less than 1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of less than 2.0% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
43 words
The method set forth in claim 15 wherein the material selected from the group consists of about 0.75-1.5% by dry weight, of calcium oxide, of about 0.75-2% by dry weight of calcium hydroxide, and of less than 1% by weight of sodium hydroxide.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method set forth in claim 15 or 16 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method set forth in claim 15 or 16 wherein the filler comprises aggregate.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
14 words
The method set forth in claims 15 or 16 wherein the filler comprises sludge.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 15 or 16 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash and the filler comprises aggregate.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method set forth in claim 15 or 16 wherein the pozzolan comprises fly ash and the filler comprises sludge.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-02-20 | 1987-08-22 | 1988-02-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-02-20 | 1991-08-22 | 1992-02-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-02-20 | 1995-08-22 | 1996-02-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |