US4431460A
Expired / Lapsed
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Method of producing shallow, narrow base bipolar transistor structures via dual implantations of selected polycrystalline layer
Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1982-03-08
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Granted: 1984-02-14
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Expires: 2002-03-08
Abstract
Abstract A method for fabricating high performance NPN bipolar transistors which result in shallow, narrow base devices is described. The method includes depositing a polycrystalline silicon layer over a monocrystalline silicon surface in which the base and emitter regions of the transistor are to be formed. Boron ions are ion implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer near the interface of the polycrystalline silicon layer with the monocrystalline silicon layer. An annealing of the layer structure partially drives in the boron into the monocrystalline silicon substrate. Arsenic ions are ion implanted into the polycrystalline silicon layer. A second annealing step is utilized to fully drive in the boron to form the base region and simultaneously therewith drive in the arsenic to form the emitter region of the transistor. This process involving a two-step annealing process for the boron implanting ions is necessary to create a base with sufficient width and doping to avoid punch-through. There is also described a method for forming NPN transistors in an integrated circuit.
Inventors
- 👤 Fred Barson
- 👤 Bernard M. Kemlage
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 20:31
CPC Classifications
H; H10; H10D; H10D10/00; H10D10/01; H10D10/051; H10D10/054; H10D62/00; H10D62/10; H10D62/17; H10D62/177; H10P; H10P32/00; H10P32/10; H10P32/14; H10P32/1408; H10P32/1414; H10P32/17; H10P32/171; H10P32/30; H10P32/302
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
111 words
The method of forming the emitter and base regions of an NPN bipolar transistor comprising: depositing a polycrystalline silicon layer over a monocrystalline silicon surface in which the base and emitter regions of said transistor are to be formed; ion implanting boron ions into the said polycrystalline silicon layer near the interface of said polycrystalline silicon layer with said monocrystalline silicon; first annealing the layered structure to partially drive the said boron ions into said monocrystalline silicon; ion implanting arsenic ions into said polycrystalline silicon layer; and second annealing the layered structure to fully drive in the said boron and arsenic to form said base and emitter regions of said transistor.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
111 words
The method of forming the emitter and base regions of an NPN bipolar transistor comprising: depositing a polycrystalline silicon layer over a monocrystalline silicon surface in which the base and emitter regions of said transistor are to be formed; ion implanting boron ions into the said polycrystalline silicon layer near the interface of said polycrystalline silicon layer with said monocrystalline silicon; first annealing the layered structure to partially drive the said boron ions into said monocrystalline silicon; ion implanting arsenic ions into said polycrystalline silicon layer; and second annealing the layered structure to fully drive in the said boron and arsenic to form said base and emitter regions of said transistor.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the said base region is the intrinsic base region of said NPN transistor and said extrinsic base region is formed by another process to be contiguous with said intrinsic base region.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said polycrystalline silicon layer remains in the final structure as the contact to said emitter region.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the thickness of said polycrystalline silicon layer is between about 50 to 500 nanometers.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said first annealing is at a temperature between about 800° C. to 1000° C.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 1 wherein a silicon dioxide capping layer is formed over said polycrystalline silicon layer after said ion implanting boron ions and before said first annealing, and removing said capping layer after said first annealing.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said polycrystalline silicon layer has a doping level of between about 5×10 18 to 5×10 19 boron atoms/cc, and between about 5×10 19 to 2×10 21 arsenic atoms/cc.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the said extrinsic base region is formed from an outdiffusion from a doped polycrystalline silicon layer which remains in the final structure as the contact to said intrinsic base region.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 4 wherein the said ion implanting of boron ions use between about 5 to 30 KeV and said ion implanting of arsenic ions use between about 5 to 40 KeV.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said second annealing is at a temperature between about 850° C. to 1000° C.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 10 wherein said first and second annealing are done in a nitrogen ambient.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 7 wherein the resulting PN base-emitter junction is between about 20 to 200 nanometers in depth.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
319 words
The method of forming NPN transistors in an integrated circuit comprising: providing a silicon semiconductor body having regions of monocrystalline silicon dielectrically isolated from one another by dielectric isolating regions; providing a mask layer over said body covering that region designated to be the collector reach-through region and open to those designated as emitter, intrinsic base and extrinsic base regions; forming a first P type doped polycrystalline silicon layer over the surface of said body wherein the said polycrystalline silicon layer makes ohmic contact to said extrinsic base region; removing the said polycrystalline silicon layer from over said mask layer where said collector reach-through region is made; forming an insulating layer over said surface and using lithography removing said insulating layer and said polycrystalline silicon layer from said regions where said regions designated to be the emitter and intrinsic base are to be made; forming an insulating layer over said surface; removing said insulating layer from over said surface to form a sidewall on the sides of said first P type doped layer defined by the region designated to be the emitter and intrinsic base; forming a second polycrystalline silicon layer over said regions in said body designated to be the emitter and intrinsic base; ion implanting boron ions into the said second polycrystalline silicon layer near the interface of said polycrystalline silicon layer with said monocrystalline silicon body; first annealing the layered structure to partially drive in the said boron and the P type impurities from said first P doped layer and said second polycrystalline silicon layer into said monocrystalline silicon body; ion implanting arsenic ions into said second polycrystalline silicon layer; second annealing the layered structure to fully drive in the said boron P type impurity and arsenic into the appropriately designated regions to form the intrinsic base, extrinsic base and emitter of said NPN transistors; and making electrical contact to the elements of said NPN transistor.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
319 words
The method of forming NPN transistors in an integrated circuit comprising: providing a silicon semiconductor body having regions of monocrystalline silicon dielectrically isolated from one another by dielectric isolating regions; providing a mask layer over said body covering that region designated to be the collector reach-through region and open to those designated as emitter, intrinsic base and extrinsic base regions; forming a first P type doped polycrystalline silicon layer over the surface of said body wherein the said polycrystalline silicon layer makes ohmic contact to said extrinsic base region; removing the said polycrystalline silicon layer from over said mask layer where said collector reach-through region is made; forming an insulating layer over said surface and using lithography removing said insulating layer and said polycrystalline silicon layer from said regions where said regions designated to be the emitter and intrinsic base are to be made; forming an insulating layer over said surface; removing said insulating layer from over said surface to form a sidewall on the sides of said first P type doped layer defined by the region designated to be the emitter and intrinsic base; forming a second polycrystalline silicon layer over said regions in said body designated to be the emitter and intrinsic base; ion implanting boron ions into the said second polycrystalline silicon layer near the interface of said polycrystalline silicon layer with said monocrystalline silicon body; first annealing the layered structure to partially drive in the said boron and the P type impurities from said first P doped layer and said second polycrystalline silicon layer into said monocrystalline silicon body; ion implanting arsenic ions into said second polycrystalline silicon layer; second annealing the layered structure to fully drive in the said boron P type impurity and arsenic into the appropriately designated regions to form the intrinsic base, extrinsic base and emitter of said NPN transistors; and making electrical contact to the elements of said NPN transistor.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said first P type doped polycrystalline silicon layer is doped with boron impurities at a doping level of between about 1×10 18 to 1×10 21 atoms/cc.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said first polycrystalline silicon layer remains in the final integrated circuit structure as the electrical contact to said base region and said second polycrystalline silicon remains in the final integrated circuit structure as the electrical contact to said emitter region.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 13 wherein the thickness is of said second polycrystalline silicon layer is between about 50 to 500 nanometers.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said first annealing is at a temperature between about 800° C. to 1000° C. and said second annealing is at a temperature between about 850° C. to 1000° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method of claim 13 wherein a silicon dioxide capping layer is formed over said second polycrystalline silicon layer after said ion implanting boron ions and before said first annealing, and removing said capping layer after said first annealing.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
50 words
The method of claim 13 wherein said second polycrystalline silicon layer has a doping level of between about 5×10 18 to 5×10 19 boron atoms/cc, and between about 5×10 19 to 2×10 21 arsenic atoms/cc, and the resulting PN base-emitter junction is between about 20 to 200 nanometers in depth.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
34 words
The method of claim 16 wherein the said ion implanting of boron ions use between about 5 to 30 KeV and said ion implanting of arsenic ions use between about 5 to 40 KeV.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-02-13 | 1987-08-15 | 1988-02-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-02-13 | 1991-08-15 | 1992-02-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-02-13 | 1995-08-15 | 1996-02-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |