Patent US4429065A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4429065A
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US
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Controlled density hydraulic fluids
Assignee: Individual
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Filing: 1981-08-10
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Granted: 1984-01-31
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Expires: 2001-08-10
Abstract
Abstract A variable density fluid is provided comprising a multiplicity of polymer micro-particles or polymer microfilaments added to a suspending liquid. By varying the density, shape, size, and material of construction of the added micro-particles or microfilaments, the physical properties of the composite liquid suspension, such as density, viscosity and compressibility, are controllable. In one specific embodiment, the polymer micro-particles can be used to selectively remove a liquid from a mixture of liquids, such as oil from sea water for example.
Inventors
- 👤 Alan B. Gancy
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 12:25
CPC Classifications
C; C02; C02F; C02F1/00; C02F1/68; C02F1/681; C08; C08J; C08J3/00; C08J3/02; C08J3/09; C08J3/11; C09; C09K; C09K3/00; C09K3/32
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
42 words
A low density liquid suspension comprising: a. a suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of hollow, gas-containing polymer particles having a density substantially lower than the density of said suspending liquid, said particles having smooth outer surfaces wettable by said suspending liquid.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
42 words
A low density liquid suspension comprising: a. a suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of hollow, gas-containing polymer particles having a density substantially lower than the density of said suspending liquid, said particles having smooth outer surfaces wettable by said suspending liquid.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 1, wherein said polymer is polyethylene.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
15 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 1, wherein said polymer is polypropylene.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 1, wherein said particles are substantially spherically shaped and have a diameter in the range from about 10 to about 1000 microns.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The low density liquid suspension of claim 1, wherein the ratio of suspending liquid volume to particle volume is in the range from about 0.6 to about 2.0.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 1, wherein said particles are substantially cylindrically shaped.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 1, wherein said particles are substantially elliptically shaped.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 6, wherein said particles have at least one open end.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The low density liquid suspension as defined in claim 8, wherein the interior surfaces of said particles are hydrophobic.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
A highly compressible liquid suspension comprising: a. a suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of hollow, enclosed gas-containing polymer particles having flexible particle walls.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
24 words
A highly compressible liquid suspension comprising: a. a suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of hollow, enclosed gas-containing polymer particles having flexible particle walls.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
20 words
A highly compressible liquid suspension comprising: a. A suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of hollow non-enclosed gas-containing polymer particles.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
A highly compressible liquid suspension comprising: a. A suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of hollow non-enclosed gas-containing polymer particles.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
30 words
A high viscosity liquid suspension comprising: a. a suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of polymer microfilaments having a length-to-diameter ratio in the range from about 1.0 to about 1000.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
A high viscosity liquid suspension comprising: a. a suspending liquid; and b. a multiplicity of polymer microfilaments having a length-to-diameter ratio in the range from about 1.0 to about 1000.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
23 words
A high viscosity liquid suspension as defined in claim 12, wherein said ratio is in the range from about 50 to about 150.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
The high viscosity liquid suspension as defined in claim 12, wherein said microfilaments are hollow and contain a gas.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
The high viscosity liquid suspension as defined in claim 12, wherein said polymer microfilaments have smooth outer surfaces wettable by said suspending liquid.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
47 words
In a method of lowering the density of a liquid, the step comprising suspending in said liquid a multiplicity of hollow gas-containing polymer particles having a density substantially different from the density of said suspending liquid, said particles having smooth outer surfaces wettable by said suspending liquid.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
47 words
In a method of lowering the density of a liquid, the step comprising suspending in said liquid a multiplicity of hollow gas-containing polymer particles having a density substantially different from the density of said suspending liquid, said particles having smooth outer surfaces wettable by said suspending liquid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as defined in claim 16, wherein said polymer is taken from the group comprising polyethylene and polypropylene.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as defined in claim 16, wherein said particles are substantially spherically shaped and have a diameter in the range from about 10 to about 1,000 microns.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as defined in claim 16, wherein the ratio of suspending liquid volume to particle volume is in the range from about 0.6 to about 2.0.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method as defined in claim 16, wherein said particles are substantially cylindrically shaped.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method as defined in claim 16, wherein said particles are substantially elliptically shaped.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method as defined in claim 16, wherein said particles are non-enclosed.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
In a method of increasing the compressibility of a liquid, the step comprising adding to said liquid a multiplicity of hollow enclosed gas-containing polymer particles.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
25 words
In a method of increasing the compressibility of a liquid, the step comprising adding to said liquid a multiplicity of hollow enclosed gas-containing polymer particles.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
25 words
In a method of varying the compressibility of a liquid, the step comprising adding to said liquid a multiplicity of hollow non-enclosed gas-containing polymer particles.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
25 words
In a method of varying the compressibility of a liquid, the step comprising adding to said liquid a multiplicity of hollow non-enclosed gas-containing polymer particles.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
35 words
In a method of increasing the viscosity of a liquid the step comprising adding to said liquid a multiplicity of polymer microfilaments having a length-to-diameter ratio in the range from about 1.0 to about 1,000.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
35 words
In a method of increasing the viscosity of a liquid the step comprising adding to said liquid a multiplicity of polymer microfilaments having a length-to-diameter ratio in the range from about 1.0 to about 1,000.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method as defined in claim 25, wherein said ratio is in the range from about 50 to about 150.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method as defined in claim 25, wherein said microfilaments are hollow.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method as defined in claim 25, wherein said microfilaments have smooth outer surfaces wettable by said suspending liquid.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1987-01-30 | 1987-08-01 | 1988-01-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1991-01-30 | 1991-08-01 | 1992-01-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1995-01-30 | 1995-08-01 | 1996-01-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |