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US4421838A
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Processes for preparing photoconductive elements and electrophotosensitive materials
Assignee: Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Filing: 1981-04-20
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Granted: 1983-12-20
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Expires: 2001-04-20
Abstract
Abstract A photoconductive element comprising elemental selenium dispersed in an insulating polymer is prepared by reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of the insulating polymer. The invention also provide a process for preparing an electrophotosensitive material having a photoconductive layer in which reduction of the inorganic selenium compound is performed in a layer coated on a conductive support.
Inventors
- 👤 Keiji Takeda
- 👤 Mitsuharu Nirasawa
- 👤 Masayoshi Nagata
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 14:43
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G5/00; G03G5/02; G03G5/04; G03G5/08
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 52
Claim 1
Independent Claim
32 words
In a process for preparing a photoconductive element comprising elemental selenium dispersed in a binder, the improvement which comprises chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
32 words
In a process for preparing a photoconductive element comprising elemental selenium dispersed in a binder, the improvement which comprises chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 1 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound and (b) said polymer in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion on a conductive support and drying.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
44 words
The process of claim 1 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound and (b) said polymer, and (c) a reducing agent in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion on a conductive support and drying.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 3, wherein said reducing agent is capable of reducing said selenium compound within about 30 minutes when used in a solvent in an amount twice the molar amount of the selenium compound at 100±5° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process of claim 3, wherein said reducing agent is represented by the formula (I): R--CO--NH--NH.sub.2 (I) wherein R represents a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group which may be substituted.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claims 2, 3 or 5, wherein said solution dispersion is dried at a temperature and for a time sufficient to complete the reduction of said selenium compound.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 6, wherein said drying is at a temperature of about 20° to 100° C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claims 2, 3 or 5, wherein after said solution or dispersion is dried, the coating is heat treated to convert said elemental selenium to trigonal selenium.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 8, wherein said heat treatment is conducted at temperature of about 80° to 250° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claims 2 or 3, wherein said heat treatment is conducted with said coating sandwiched between said conductive support and another layer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 10, wherein said other layer is a charge carrier transporting layer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein said selenium compound is any inorganic compound capable of liberating elemental selenium upon reduction.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process of claim 12, wherein said selenium compound is selected from the group consisting of selenium dioxide, selenious acid, selenium (IV) oxybromide, selenium tetrachloride, and selenium tetrabromide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein said insulating polymer has charge carrier transporting ability.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
77 words
The process of claims 1, 2, 3 or 5, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, poly-α-methylstyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinylformal, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, polyester, polyamide, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and phenol-formaldehyde resin.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 5, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene, cumaroneindene resin and polymethylmethacrylate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 1, wherein said selenium compound is present in an amount of 10 -4 to 10 -2 mol per gram of said polymer.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 5, wherein R is a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxy or methyl substituted phenyl group.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 5, wherein said hydrazide is selected from the group consisting of hydrazide acetate, hydrazide propionate, hydrazide salicylate, hydrazide p-hydroxybenzoate, hydrazide, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, hydrazide 4-methylsalicylate, and hydrazide o-methylbenzoate.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
57 words
In a process for preparing an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive support, a charge carrier generating layer (CGL) and a charge carrier transporting layer (CTL) wherein said CGL contains elemental selenium dispersed in a binder, the improvement which comprises forming said elemental selenium by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
57 words
In a process for preparing an electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive support, a charge carrier generating layer (CGL) and a charge carrier transporting layer (CTL) wherein said CGL contains elemental selenium dispersed in a binder, the improvement which comprises forming said elemental selenium by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process of claim 20 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound and (b) said polymer in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion upon a conductive support and drying.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process of claim 20 which comprises dissolving or dispersing (a) said selenium compound, (b) said polymer and (c) a reducing agent in a solvent capable of dissolving at least said polymer, coating said solution or dispersion on a conductive support, and drying.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process of claim 22, wherein said reducing agent is capable of reducing said selenium compound within about 30 minutes when used in a solvent in an amount twice the molar amount of the selenium compound at a temperature of about 100±5° C.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claim 22, wherein said reducing agent is represented by the formula (I): R--CO--NH--NH.sub.2 (I) wherein R represents a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process of claims 21, 22 or 24, wherein said solution or dispersion is dried at a temperature and for a time sufficient to complete the reduction of said selenium compound.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 25, wherein said drying is at about 20° to 100° C.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process of claims 21, 22 or 24, wherein after said solution or dispersion is dried, the coating is heat treated to convert said elemental selenium to trigonal selenium.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 27, wherein said heat treatment is conducted at a temperature of about 80° to 250° C.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claims 21 or 22, wherein said heat treatment is conducted with said CGL sandwiched between said conductive support and said CTL.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process of claims 20, 21, 22 or 24, wherein said selenium compound is any inorganic compound capable of liberating elemental selenium upon reduction.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 30, wherein said selenium compound is selected from the group consisting of selenium dioxide, selenium oxybromide, selenium tetrachloride and selenium tetrabromide.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claims 20, 21, 22 or 24, wherein said insulating polymer has charge carrier transporting ability.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
77 words
The process of claims 20, 21, 22 or 24, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, polystyrene, poly-α-methylstyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinylformal, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinylpyrene, polyester, polyamide, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and phenol-formaldehyde resin.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 24, wherein said polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl butyral, diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene, cumaroneindene resin and polymethyl methacrylate.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 20, wherein said inorganic selenium compound is present in an amount of about 10 -4 to 10 -2 mol per gram polymer.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 24, wherein R represents a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydroxy or methyl substituted phenyl group.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process of claim 24, wherein said hydrazide is selected from the group consisting of hydrazide acetate, hydrazide propionate, hydrazide salicylate, hydrazide p-hydroxybenzoate, hydrazide 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, hydrazide 4-methylsalicylate, and hydrazide o-methylbenzoate.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
37 words
A photoconductive element comprising a conductive support and a layer containing elemental selenium dispersed in a binder wherein said elemental selenium is produced by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
37 words
A photoconductive element comprising a conductive support and a layer containing elemental selenium dispersed in a binder wherein said elemental selenium is produced by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive support, a charge carrier generating layer (CGL) and a charge carrier transporting layer (CTL), wherein said CGL contains elemental selenium dispersed in a binder and said elemental selenium is produced by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
50 words
An electrophotosensitive material comprising a conductive support, a charge carrier generating layer (CGL) and a charge carrier transporting layer (CTL), wherein said CGL contains elemental selenium dispersed in a binder and said elemental selenium is produced by chemically reducing an inorganic selenium compound in the presence of an insulating polymer.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
23 words
The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein said element is constructed in the order of said conductive support, said CGL and said CTL.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein said element is constructed in order of said conductive support, said CTL and said CGL.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
30 words
The electrophotosensitive material of claims 39, 40 or 41, wherein said CTL is a layer containing a charge carrier transporting material (CTM) uniformly dispersed in an electrically insulating binder polymer.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrophotosensitive material of claim 42, wherein said CTM is selected from a 1,5-diphenyl-3-styrylpyrazoline derivative, an amino group substituted triphenylmethane derivative, a triarylamine, a benzydine derivative, and trinitrofluorenone.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
28 words
The electrophotosensitive material of claims 39, 40 or 41, wherein said CTL is a layer composed of poly-N-vinylcarbazole or a charge carrier transfer complex of poly-N-vinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
31 words
The electrophotosensitive element of claim 42, wherein the electrically insulating binder polymer used for forming CTL is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate of bisphenol A, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyvinylbutyral.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein the thickness of CGL is from about 0.5 μm to about 2 μm.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
20 words
The electrophotosensitive element of claim 39, wherein the thickness of CTL is from about 5 μm to about 20 μm.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
41 words
The process of claims 4 or 23, wherein said reducing agent is hydroxy-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon, a hydrazide derivative, an ascorbic acid derivative, a pyrazolone derivative, a pyrazolidone derivative, a urea derivative, an oxalate, an aldehyde, or salt of an oxidizable metal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-06-20 | 1987-12-20 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | 1991-12-20 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-12-19 | 1995-06-20 | 1995-12-20 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |