US4415646A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Nitrogen containing polymers as charge enhancing additive for electrophotographic toner
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1982-03-03
•
Granted: 1983-11-15
•
Expires: 2002-03-03
Abstract
Abstract This invention is directed to positively charged developer compositions and toner compositions, the toner composition being comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner particles of a polymeric charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of those additives of the following formulas: ##STR1## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, X is an anion, a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; as well as methods of developing electrostatographic images utilizing such compositions.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert J. Gruber
- 👤 Steven B. Bolte
- 👤 Doretta Agostine
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 08:36
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/087; G03G9/08702; G03G9/0874; G03G9/08726; G03G9/08784; G03G9/08791
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 39
Claim 1
Independent Claim
180 words
A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner composition, a polymeric charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of those additives of the following formulas: ##STR10## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, X is an anion, a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
180 words
A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner composition, a polymeric charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of those additives of the following formulas: ##STR10## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, X is an anion, a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1, further including carrier particles.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
145 words
A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner composition, a polymeric charge control additive of the following formula: ##STR11## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and X is an anion.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
145 words
A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner composition, a polymeric charge control additive of the following formula: ##STR11## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and X is an anion.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
12 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 3 further including carrier particles.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
27 words
A composition in accordance with claim 4 wherein the carrier is comprised of a core coated with polyvinylidene fluoride, or a copolymer of trifluorochloroethylene and vinyl chloride.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
62 words
A composition in accordance with claims 3 or 4 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are methyl, c is zero, Z' is propylene, Y is methyl or phenyl, a is 95 weight percent, b is 5 weight percent, n is a repeating number of from about 6 to about 150 and X is a sulfate radical.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
A composition in accordance with claims 3 or 4 wherein X is a halogen.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
14 words
A composition in accordance with claim 7 wherein the halogen is chloride or fluoride.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein X is a sulfonate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
12 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein X is a sulfate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein X is a tosylate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein the number n is from about 60 to about 150.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR12##
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR13##
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR14##
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR15##
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR16##
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
103 words
A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner composition, a polymeric charge enhancing additive of the following formula: ##STR17## wherein a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, Z' is an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical, and X is an anion.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
103 words
A positively charged toner composition comprised of resin particles, and pigment particles, and from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the toner composition, a polymeric charge enhancing additive of the following formula: ##STR17## wherein a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, Z' is an aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical, and X is an anion.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR18##
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR19##
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR20##
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR21##
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
35 words
A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein the resin particles are comprised of a is a styrene/n-butylmethacrylate copolymer, a styrene butadiene copolymer, or a polyester, and the pigment particles are comprised of carbon black.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
11 words
A composition in accordance with claim 18 further including carrier particles.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
31 words
A composition in accordance with claim 24 wherein the carrier particles consist of a ferrite core coated with a copolymer of trifluorochloroethylene and vinylchloride, or coated with a polyvinylidene fluoride resin.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
211 words
A method of imaging comprising forming a negative electrostatic latent image on an imaging member, contacting the image with a positively charged dry developer composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, carrier particles and from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of a polymeric charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of those additives of the following formulas: ##STR22## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, X is an anion, a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to abut 22 carbon atoms, followed by transferring the developed image to a suitable substrate and permanently affixing thereto.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
211 words
A method of imaging comprising forming a negative electrostatic latent image on an imaging member, contacting the image with a positively charged dry developer composition comprised of resin particles, pigment particles, carrier particles and from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of a polymeric charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of those additives of the following formulas: ##STR22## wherein a and b are percentage numbers equaling 100, a being from about 20 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, and b being from about 80 weight percent to about 1 weight percent, n is a repeating number ranging from about 3 to about 300, Z is an oxygen atom, c is the number zero or 1, Y is an alkyl or aromatic radical, Z' is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic radicals, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from alkyl radicals containing from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, X is an anion, a' is a number of from about 50 to about 500, R 1 ' is hydrogen or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to abut 22 carbon atoms, followed by transferring the developed image to a suitable substrate and permanently affixing thereto.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the polymeric charge enhancing additive is of the formula ##STR23##
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the polymeric charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR24##
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the polymeric charge enhancing additive is of the formula ##STR25##
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the polymeric charge enhancing additive is of the formula ##STR26##
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the polymeric charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR27##
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the polymeric charge enhancing additive is of the formula: ##STR28##
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the image is permanently affixed to a paper substrate by employing a fuser roll comprised of lead oxide coated with a vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 26 wherein the anion x is halogen, sulfite, sulfonate, or tosylate.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 34 wherein the halogen is chloride or fluoride.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-11-14 | 1987-05-16 | 1987-11-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-11-14 | 1991-05-16 | 1991-11-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-11-14 | 1995-05-16 | 1995-11-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |