US4397555A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Artificial horizon device
Assignee: RICHARD MALCOLM ENTERPRISES Inc
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Filing: 1980-12-01
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Granted: 1983-08-09
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Expires: 2000-12-01
Abstract
Abstract The invention provides an artificial horizon device having a light source of limited power which can be positioned remotely from the aircraft cockpit. A scanning mechanism is mounted in the cockpit to receive light from the light source and to project a light bar representing the true horizon by scanning a projected light beam along the perceived bar at a frequency sufficiently high that the bar is perceived as a continuous projection.
Inventors
- 👤 Richard E. Malcolm
- 👤 Harry M. Assenheim
- 👤 Paul L. Emmett
- 👤 Richard Chan
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 19:41
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01C; G01C23/00; G01C23/005; G01C15/00; G01C15/14
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 8
Claim 1
Independent Claim
375 words
An artificial horizon device for use in projecting a light bar in front of an aircraft pilot such that the light bar provides a continuous visual display of the actual horizon relative to the aircraft, the device comprising: first means adapted to be coupled to the output of the aircraft gyroscope providing roll information and to convert this output to two synchronous roll outputs having waveforms in a first condition in phase and in a second condition 180 degrees out of phase with one another, the first such roll output having a value which is a function of the cosine of the instantaneous angle of roll of the airplane, and the second such roll output being a function of the sine of the same angle so that the composite plot of values from these outputs would be a straight line defining with a reference line the angle of roll, in the first condition the line having a positive slope and in the second condition the line having a negative slope; second means adapted to be coupled to the output of the aircraft gyroscope providing pitch information and to convert this output to a pitch output which is in direct proportion to the angular pitch; means mixing the two roll outputs with the pitch output to provide first and second composite outputs, the instantaneous values of which are respectively functions of the sum of the first roll output and the product of the pitch output and the sine of the angle of roll, and of the sum of the second roll output and the product of the pitch output and the cosine of the angle of roll; a light source providing a light beam; first and second mirrors mounted for oscillatory movement about respective datums, the mirrors including drive means coupled to the respective first and second composite outputs and responsive to these outputs to move the mirrors, the light beam being reflected by the first mirror through about 90 degrees and this reflected light being reflected by the second mirror through about another 90 degrees whereby the mirrors combine to project a light bar positioned with reference to a datum to indicate the position of the true horizon regardless of the orientation of the aeroplane.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
375 words
An artificial horizon device for use in projecting a light bar in front of an aircraft pilot such that the light bar provides a continuous visual display of the actual horizon relative to the aircraft, the device comprising: first means adapted to be coupled to the output of the aircraft gyroscope providing roll information and to convert this output to two synchronous roll outputs having waveforms in a first condition in phase and in a second condition 180 degrees out of phase with one another, the first such roll output having a value which is a function of the cosine of the instantaneous angle of roll of the airplane, and the second such roll output being a function of the sine of the same angle so that the composite plot of values from these outputs would be a straight line defining with a reference line the angle of roll, in the first condition the line having a positive slope and in the second condition the line having a negative slope; second means adapted to be coupled to the output of the aircraft gyroscope providing pitch information and to convert this output to a pitch output which is in direct proportion to the angular pitch; means mixing the two roll outputs with the pitch output to provide first and second composite outputs, the instantaneous values of which are respectively functions of the sum of the first roll output and the product of the pitch output and the sine of the angle of roll, and of the sum of the second roll output and the product of the pitch output and the cosine of the angle of roll; a light source providing a light beam; first and second mirrors mounted for oscillatory movement about respective datums, the mirrors including drive means coupled to the respective first and second composite outputs and responsive to these outputs to move the mirrors, the light beam being reflected by the first mirror through about 90 degrees and this reflected light being reflected by the second mirror through about another 90 degrees whereby the mirrors combine to project a light bar positioned with reference to a datum to indicate the position of the true horizon regardless of the orientation of the aeroplane.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
An artificial horizon device as claimed in claim 1 in which the means providing the light beam is a laser.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
58 words
An artificial horizon device as claimed in claim 2 in which the means providing the light beam further comprises an optical fibre, means focusing light from the laser on one end of the fibre, means collimating the diverging light leaving the other end of the fibre to provide the light beam which is incident on the first mirror.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
An artificial horizon device as claimed in claim 1 and further including means adapted to change the intensity of the image perceived by the pilot.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
74 words
An artificial horizon device as claimed in claim 1 and further including a trap located to retain a portion of the light emitted from the second mirror, and in which the control means causes a parking period between scans whereby during the parking period the beam of light is projected behind the trap and whereby during the scan the beam creates a dimmer image caused by the beam scanning during a shortened time period.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
50 words
An artificial horizon device as claimed in claim 5 in which the control means causes the light to scan in a series of repetitive faster and slower movements so that the pilot perceives a series of bright areas of light along the line separated by areas of very low illumination.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
43 words
An artificial horizon device as claimed in claim 1 in which the control means causes stepped movement of the first and second mirrors whereby the light bar consists of a series of areas of brighter intensity linked by areas of greatly reduced intensity.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-08-08 | 1987-02-07 | 1987-08-09 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-08-08 | 1991-02-07 | 1991-08-09 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-08-08 | 1995-02-07 | 1995-08-09 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |