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Patent US4394448A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4394448A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method of inserting DNA into living cells
Assignee: Liposome Technology Inc
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Filing: 1980-04-24
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Granted: 1983-07-19
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Expires: 2000-04-24
Abstract
Abstract A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid or fragments thereof into a living cell, which comprises; encapsulating the DNA or fragment in a lipid vesicle and bringing the vesicle in contact with said cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Inventors
- 👤 Francis C. Szoka, Jr.
- 👤 Demetrios P. Papahadjopoulos
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 14:16
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12N; C12N15/00; C12N15/09; C12N15/87; C12N15/88; A; A61; A61K; A61K9/00; A61K9/10; A61K9/127; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S435/00; Y10S435/82
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
32 words
A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid into a living cell, which comprises; encapsulating the acid material in a lipid vesicle and bringing the vesicle in contact with said cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
32 words
A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid into a living cell, which comprises; encapsulating the acid material in a lipid vesicle and bringing the vesicle in contact with said cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
35 words
A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid into a living cell, which comprises; providing the deoxyribonucleic acid material encapsulated in a lipid vesicle; and bringing the encapsulated material into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
35 words
A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid into a living cell, which comprises; providing the deoxyribonucleic acid material encapsulated in a lipid vesicle; and bringing the encapsulated material into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
115 words
A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid into a living cell, which comprises; (1) providing a mixture of a vesicle wall forming compound in organic solvent and an aqueous mixture of the deoxyribonucleic acid material to be encapsulated, the ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase being that which will produce a water-in-oil emulsion; (2) forming a homogeneous water-in-oil emulsion of said mixture, of the character produced by ultrasonic radiation; (3) removing organic solvent from the emulsion, whereby a mixture is obtained having a gel-like character; (4) converting the gel-like mixture to a suspension of synthetic, oligolamellar vesicles encapsulating the deoxyribonucleic acid material; and bringing the encapsulated material into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
115 words
A method of inserting deoxyribonucleic acid into a living cell, which comprises; (1) providing a mixture of a vesicle wall forming compound in organic solvent and an aqueous mixture of the deoxyribonucleic acid material to be encapsulated, the ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase being that which will produce a water-in-oil emulsion; (2) forming a homogeneous water-in-oil emulsion of said mixture, of the character produced by ultrasonic radiation; (3) removing organic solvent from the emulsion, whereby a mixture is obtained having a gel-like character; (4) converting the gel-like mixture to a suspension of synthetic, oligolamellar vesicles encapsulating the deoxyribonucleic acid material; and bringing the encapsulated material into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the living cell is an animal cell.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the living cell is a unicellular microorganism.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
11 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the microorganism is E. coli.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the living cell is a plant cell.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the living cell is a plant protoplast.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the lipid vesicles are oligolamellar vesicles having an average diameter of 2,000 to 4,000 Angstroms.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
33 words
A method of inserting a chromosome into a living cell, which comprises; providing the chromosome encapsulated in a lipid vesicle; and bringing the lipid vesicle into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
33 words
A method of inserting a chromosome into a living cell, which comprises; providing the chromosome encapsulated in a lipid vesicle; and bringing the lipid vesicle into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
33 words
A method of inserting a plasmid into a living cell, which comprises; providing the plasmid encapsulated in a lipid vesicle; and bringing the lipid vesicle into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
33 words
A method of inserting a plasmid into a living cell, which comprises; providing the plasmid encapsulated in a lipid vesicle; and bringing the lipid vesicle into contact with the cell, whereby insertion occurs.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-07-18 | 1987-01-17 | 1987-07-19 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-07-18 | 1991-01-17 | 1991-07-19 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-07-18 | 1995-01-17 | 1995-07-19 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |