US4388150A — Papermaking and products made thereby

Claim 1

Independent Claim 144 words

In a paper making process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a finished paper containing at least 50% cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm, and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silicic acid which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 144 words

In a paper making process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a finished paper containing at least 50% cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm, and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silicic acid which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 18 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between about 4 and 9.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 3 wherein the solids in the binder amount to 1.0-15% of the weight of the pulp.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 1 wherein the degree of substitution of the starch is from about 0.01 to about 0.05.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 5 wherein the degree of substitution of the starch is from about 0.02 to about 0.04.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 150 words

In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silica which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 150 words

In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silica which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 18 words

The process of claim 7 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between about 4 and 9.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 8 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 7 wherein the solids in the binder amount to 1.0-15% of the weight of the pulp.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 27 words

The process of claim 9 wherein the colloidal silica sol has silica particles having a surface area of between about 200 and about 1000 m 2 /g.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 27 words

The process of claim 11 wherein the colloidal silica sol has silica particles having a surface area of between about 300 and about 700 m 2 /g.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 11 wherein the cationic starch has a degree of substitution of about 0.01 to about 0.05.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 166 words

In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silicic acid and cationic starch which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 166 words

In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silicic acid and cationic starch which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 17 words

The process of claim 14 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between 4 and 9.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 14 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 26 words

The process of claim 14 wherein the solids in the binder amount to from about 2.5-15% by weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 43 words

The process of claim 17 wherein the colloidal silicic acid is added to and mixed with the mineral filler prior to incorporating the mineral filler into the stock and the cationic starch is mixed with the pulp and filler colloidal silicic acid mixture.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 171 words

In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to provide a paper having at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 to about 0.05, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fibers and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silica and cationic starch which serves as a binder for said cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 171 words

In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to provide a paper having at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 to about 0.05, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fibers and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silica and cationic starch which serves as a binder for said cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 17 words

The process of claim 19 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between 4 and 9.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 20 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 to 10:1.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 25 words

The process of claim 21 wherein the solids in the binder amount to about 2.5-15% by weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 25 words

The process of claim 22 wherein the silica particles in the silica sol have a particle size of about 300 to 700 m 2 /g.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 87 words

An improved cellulosic paper product comprising at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fibers is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 87 words

An improved cellulosic paper product comprising at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fibers is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 18 words

The product of claim 24 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 87 words

An improved cellulosic paper product characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fiber is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said cellulosic fiber.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 87 words

An improved cellulosic paper product characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fiber is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said cellulosic fiber.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 18 words

The product of claim 26 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 101 words

An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 101 words

An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 18 words

The product of claim 28 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 18 words

The product of claim 28 wherein the binder complex comprises 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 29 words

The product of claim 28 wherein the solids in the binder complex amount to from about 2.5 to 15% by weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 104 words

An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 104 words

An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 18 words

The product of claim 32 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 18 words

The product of claim 32 wherein the binder complex comprises 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 29 words

The product of claim 32 wherein the solids in the binder complex amount to from about 2.5 to 15% dry weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 28 words

The product of claim 32 wherein the particle size of the SiO 2 particle has a surface area of from about 300 to about 700 m 2 /g.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 20 words

The process of claim 13 wherein the cationic starch has a degree of substitution of about 0.02 to about 0.04.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1986-06-13	1986-12-13	1987-06-14	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1990-06-13	1990-12-13	1991-06-14	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	1994-06-13	1994-12-13	1995-06-14	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Papermaking and products made thereby

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