US4388150A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Papermaking and products made thereby
Assignee: Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals LLC
•
Filing: 1981-02-26
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Granted: 1983-06-14
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Expires: 2001-02-26
Abstract
Abstract In making paper from an aqueous papermaking stock a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid and cationic starch is added to the stock for improving the paper or the retention of the stock components, or is added to the white water for reducing the pollution problems or recovering values from the white water. The cationic starch of the binder has a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, and the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1.
Inventors
- 👤 Olof Sunden
- 👤 Per G. Batelson
- 👤 Hans E. Johansson
- 👤 Hans M. Larsson
- 👤 Per J. Svending
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 11:37
CPC Classifications
D; D21; D21H; D21H21/00; D21H21/50; D21H21/52; D21F; D21F1/00; D21F1/66; D21F1/82; D21H17/00; D21H17/20; D21H17/21; D21H17/24; D21H17/28; D21H17/29; D21H17/63; D21H17/67; D21H17/68; D21H23/00; D21H23/76; D21H23/765
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 45
Claim 1
Independent Claim
144 words
In a paper making process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a finished paper containing at least 50% cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm, and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silicic acid which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
144 words
In a paper making process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a finished paper containing at least 50% cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm, and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silicic acid which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between about 4 and 9.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 3 wherein the solids in the binder amount to 1.0-15% of the weight of the pulp.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 1 wherein the degree of substitution of the starch is from about 0.01 to about 0.05.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 5 wherein the degree of substitution of the starch is from about 0.02 to about 0.04.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
150 words
In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silica which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
150 words
In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said pulp, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber to form a complex of cationic starch and colloidal silica which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 7 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between about 4 and 9.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 8 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 7 wherein the solids in the binder amount to 1.0-15% of the weight of the pulp.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 9 wherein the colloidal silica sol has silica particles having a surface area of between about 200 and about 1000 m 2 /g.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the colloidal silica sol has silica particles having a surface area of between about 300 and about 700 m 2 /g.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 11 wherein the cationic starch has a degree of substitution of about 0.01 to about 0.05.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
166 words
In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silicic acid and cationic starch which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
166 words
In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to give a paper containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a binder comprising colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of not less than 0.01, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silicic acid being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fiber and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silicic acid and cationic starch which serves as a binder for the cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 14 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between 4 and 9.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 14 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process of claim 14 wherein the solids in the binder amount to from about 2.5-15% by weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
43 words
The process of claim 17 wherein the colloidal silicic acid is added to and mixed with the mineral filler prior to incorporating the mineral filler into the stock and the cationic starch is mixed with the pulp and filler colloidal silicic acid mixture.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
171 words
In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to provide a paper having at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 to about 0.05, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fibers and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silica and cationic starch which serves as a binder for said cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
171 words
In a papermaking process in which an aqueous papermaking stock containing a sufficient amount of cellulosic pulp to provide a paper having at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber and a mineral filler material having at least partial anionic surface characteristics is formed and dried, the improvement which comprises providing in the stock prior to the formation of the sheet a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 to about 0.05, the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 being between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to from about 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material, said cationic starch and said colloidal silica sol being admixed with each other in the presence of cellulosic fibers and mineral filler to form a complex of colloidal silica and cationic starch which serves as a binder for said cellulosic fibers and mineral filler.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process of claim 19 wherein the pH of the stock is maintained between 4 and 9.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 20 wherein the weight ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1.5:1 to 10:1.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 21 wherein the solids in the binder amount to about 2.5-15% by weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
25 words
The process of claim 22 wherein the silica particles in the silica sol have a particle size of about 300 to 700 m 2 /g.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
87 words
An improved cellulosic paper product comprising at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fibers is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
87 words
An improved cellulosic paper product comprising at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fibers is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
18 words
The product of claim 24 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
87 words
An improved cellulosic paper product characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fiber is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said cellulosic fiber.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
87 words
An improved cellulosic paper product characterized by enhanced strength characteristics wherein the bond between cellulosic fiber is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder amounting to 0.1-15% of the weight of said cellulosic fiber.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
18 words
The product of claim 26 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
101 words
An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
101 words
An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent of cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of a colloidal silicic acid having an average particle size of less than 20 nm and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over about 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
18 words
The product of claim 28 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
18 words
The product of claim 28 wherein the binder complex comprises 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
29 words
The product of claim 28 wherein the solids in the binder complex amount to from about 2.5 to 15% by weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
104 words
An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
104 words
An improved cellulosic paper product containing at least 50 percent cellulosic fiber, and a mineral filler having at least partial anionic surface characteristics wherein the bond between the cellulosic fibers and the mineral filler material is enhanced by a binder comprising a complex of colloidal silica sol having silica particles having a surface area of about 50 to about 1000 m 2 /g and cationic starch having a degree of substitution of over 0.01 and wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is between 1:1 and 25:1, the solids in said binder comprising 0.5-25% of the weight of said mineral filler material.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
18 words
The product of claim 32 wherein the ratio of cationic starch to SiO 2 is 1.5:1 to 10:1.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
18 words
The product of claim 32 wherein the binder complex comprises 0.1-15% of the weight of the cellulosic fiber.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
29 words
The product of claim 32 wherein the solids in the binder complex amount to from about 2.5 to 15% dry weight based upon the weight of the mineral filler.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
28 words
The product of claim 32 wherein the particle size of the SiO 2 particle has a surface area of from about 300 to about 700 m 2 /g.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
20 words
The process of claim 13 wherein the cationic starch has a degree of substitution of about 0.02 to about 0.04.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-06-13 | 1986-12-13 | 1987-06-14 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-06-13 | 1990-12-13 | 1991-06-14 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-06-13 | 1994-12-13 | 1995-06-14 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |