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US4382884A
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Fire-retardant, intumescent composition and its use for the flameproofing of substrates, and as a fire-extinguishing agent comprising an ammonium salt, a water-soluble nitrogen compound as a blowing agent and dextrin
Assignee: Novartis Corp
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Filing: 1981-04-06
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Granted: 1983-05-10
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Expires: 2001-04-06
Abstract
Abstract An intumescent, fire-retardant, aqueous composition which comprises (a) as a flameproofing agent, a water-soluble ammonium salt of a non-volatile inorganic acid, such as sulfamic acid, sulfuric acid or, in particular, phosphoric acid, (b) as a blowing agent, a water-soluble nitrogen compound, for example urea, which can be methylolated, or its derivatives and salts and (c) dextrin as a binder, (d) if desired, formaldehyde, and (e) if desired, further additives, for example wood preservatives, is used for the flameproof and heat-resistant treatment of very diverse substrates, preferably building timber, or for extinguishing burning substrates of all kinds. When the composition is used as a fire-extinguishing agent, it preferably additionally contains a foaming agent, and can contain a foam stabilizer.
Inventors
- 👤 Peter Rohringer
- 👤 Rene Berini
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 19:43
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09K; C09K21/00; C09K21/02; C09K21/04; A; A62; A62D; A62D1/00; A62D1/0071; C09D; C09D5/00; C09D5/18; C09D5/185
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
62 words
A fire-retardant, intumescent aqueous composition, which comprises (a) at least one water-soluble ammonium salt of a non-volatile inorganic acid, as a flameproofing agent, (b) at least one water-soluble nitrogen compound which serves as a blowing agent and splits off ammonia and carbon dioxide when heated, (c) dextrin as a binder, (d) optionally formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor and (e) optionally, other additives.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
62 words
A fire-retardant, intumescent aqueous composition, which comprises (a) at least one water-soluble ammonium salt of a non-volatile inorganic acid, as a flameproofing agent, (b) at least one water-soluble nitrogen compound which serves as a blowing agent and splits off ammonia and carbon dioxide when heated, (c) dextrin as a binder, (d) optionally formaldehyde or a formaldehyde donor and (e) optionally, other additives.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (a) is an ammonium salt of sulfamic acid, of sulfuric acid or of a phosphoric acid.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (a) is ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium hydrogen pyrophosphate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (a) is ammonium sulfate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (b) is melamine, dicyandiamide, guanidine, guanylurea or urea, which compounds can be methylolated, or a salt thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
25 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (b) is guanidine, guanylurea or urea, which compounds can be methylolated, or a phosphate or hydrochloride thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
20 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (b) is guanidine, guanylurea phosphate or urea, which compounds can be methylolated.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (c) is a water-soluble white dextrin or yellow dextrin obtained from Indian corn starch.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (d) is paraformaldehyde or an aqueous formaldehyde solution.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (e) is a wood preservative.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (e) is at least one water-soluble copper salt, zinc salt or alkali metal fluoride.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
12 words
A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (e) is sodium fluoride.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
54 words
A composition according to claim 1, which comprises 5 to 20 percent by weight of component (a), 10 to 30 percent by weight of component (b), 20 to 40 percent by weight of component (c), 0 to 5 percent by weight of component (d) and 0 to 2 percent by weight of component (e).
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
62 words
A composition according to claim 1, which comprises 5 to 20 percent by weight of component (a), 15 to 25 percent by weight of component (b), 25 to 35 percent by weight of component (c), 0.3 to 2 percent by weight of component (d), 0.1 to 1 percent by weight of component (e) and 30 to 40 percent by weight of water.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
133 words
A composition according to claim 1, which comprises 5 to 20 percent by weight of ammonium sulfate, ammonium monohydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as component (a), 15 to 25 percent by weight of urea or methylolated guanylurea phosphate as component (b), 25 to 35 percent by weight of water-soluble white dextrin or yellow dextrin, obtained from Indian corn starch as component (c), 0.5 to 2 percent by weight of a 25 to 35% aqueous formaldehyde solution as component (d), if urea is employed as component (b), 4 to 6 percent by weight of a 25 to 35% aqueous formaldehyde solution as component (d), if guanylurea phosphate is employed as component (b), 0 to 1 percent by weight of sodium fluoride as component (e) and 30 to 40 percent by weight of water.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
14 words
A composition according to claim 1 wherein the pH value is 4 to 6.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process for rendering substrates flameproof and heat-resistant, or for extinguishing burning substrates, which comprises applying the intumescent composition according to claim 1 to the substrates.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the composition is applied to the substrate by dipping, brushing, spraying or squirting.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
43 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the substrate is impregnated by dipping in the composition, which can be diluted with water, and can be stirred, be under pressure and/or vacuum and be at an elevated temperature, the impregnated substrate subsequently being dried.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the substrate is provided with one or more brushed-on coats and is dried.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process as claimed in claim 17, wherein the substrate is provided with 2 to 5 brushed-on coats, with drying at room temperature after application of each coat.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
39 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the composition is foamed in the presence of one or more surfactant foaming agents and, if desired, one or more foam stabilisers, and the burning substrate is sprayed with the foamed composition.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
103 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the foaming agent employed is an alkylarylsulfonic acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, an alkylsulfonic acid or an alkyl-sulfate having 8 to 24 carbon atoms, an adduct of 5 to 100 alkylene oxide units, having 2 to 4 carbon atoms per unit, with a fatty alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms or with an alkylphenol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, which adduct can be esterified with sulfuric acid or with a phosphoric acid, or, where relevant, an alkali metal salt or ammonium salt of these.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the foaming agent is an alkylsulfonic acid or monoalkyl-sulfate having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or a sodium salt thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
62 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the stabiliser is an ammonium salt or an amine salt of a fatty acid having 8 to 24 carbon atoms or is a fatty alcohol having 8 to 24 carbon atoms or is a reaction product of a fatty acid having 8 to 24 carbon atoms with an alkanolamine having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
35 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the stabiliser is a fatty alcohol having 12 to 18 carbon atoms or a fatty acid diethanolamide having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein 2 to 15% of foaming agent and 0 to 8% of stabiliser, based on the total weight of the composition, are employed.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
51 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the composition is mixed with 3 to 6 percent of a foaming agent and 30 to 60 percent of water, based on the total weight of the composition, and is foamed with compressed air, and the burning substrate is sprayed with the foamed composition.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
64 words
A process according to claim 17, wherein the composition is mixed with 8 to 12 percent of a foaming agent and 4 to 8 percent of stabiliser, based on the total weight of the composition and is diluted, and at the same time foamed, with a 10-fold to 50-fold amount of water under pressure, and the burning substrate is sprayed with the foamed composition.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1986-05-09 | 1986-11-08 | 1987-05-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1990-05-09 | 1990-11-08 | 1991-05-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1994-05-09 | 1994-11-08 | 1995-05-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |